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CIE 9709 2025 November Paper 32 Q10

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2025 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 10

题目

Problem

The diagram shows a tank for holding water. The tank is in the shape of a cube of side 50 cm50\text{ cm}. At time tt seconds, the depth of water in the tank is h cmh\text{ cm}. Water is poured into the tank at a rate of 5000 cm3 s−15000\text{ cm}^3\text{ s}^{-1}. Water pours out of the tank through a hole in the bottom at a rate proportional to h2h^2.

When h=20h=20, the depth of the water is increasing at a rate of 0.4 cm s−10.4\text{ cm s}^{-1}.

(a) Show that dhdt=500−h2250\frac{\mathrm{d}h}{\mathrm{d}t}=\frac{500-h^2}{250}.

(4)

(b) Given that h=0h=0 when t=0t=0, find the time taken for the depth of the water in the tank to reach 20 cm20\text{ cm}.

(5)
题目中文翻译

图中显示了一个用于盛水的水箱。水箱为棱长 50 cm50\text{ cm} 的正方体。在 tt 秒时,水箱内的水深为 h cmh\text{ cm}。水以 5000 cm3 s−15000\text{ cm}^3\text{ s}^{-1} 的速率注入水箱,同时通过水箱底部的一个孔流出,流出速率与 h2h^2 成正比。

当 h=20h=20 时,水深以 0.4 cm s−10.4\text{ cm s}^{-1} 的速率增加。

(a) 证明 dhdt=500−h2250\frac{\mathrm{d}h}{\mathrm{d}t}=\frac{500-h^2}{250}。

(4)

(b) 已知当 t=0t=0 时,h=0h=0,求水箱内的水深达到 20 cm20\text{ cm} 所需的时间。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

水量的净变化等于流入减流出,再用底面积把体积变化率换成水深变化率。给定的瞬时变化率用于确定比例常数。

答题过程

展开

Let the outflow rate be kh2kh^2. The net rate of volume change is

dVdt=5000−kh2.\frac{\mathrm{d}V}{\mathrm{d}t}=5000-kh^2.

The tank has base area 502=2500 cm250^2=2500\text{ cm}^2, so V=2500hV=2500h. Hence

2500dhdt=5000−kh2.2500\frac{\mathrm{d}h}{\mathrm{d}t}=5000-kh^2.

Using h=20h=20 and dh/dt=0.4\mathrm{d}h/\mathrm{d}t=0.4,

2500(0.4)=5000−400k⟹k=10.2500(0.4)=5000-400k \quad\Longrightarrow\quad k=10.

Therefore

dhdt=5000−10h22500=500−h2250.\frac{\mathrm{d}h}{\mathrm{d}t} =\frac{5000-10h^2}{2500} =\boxed{\frac{500-h^2}{250}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

分离变量后,利用平方差分解来积分。目标深度低于平衡深度,因此积分区间内分母恒正。

答题过程

展开

Let A=500=105A=\sqrt{500}=10\sqrt5. From (a),

dhA2−h2=dt250.\frac{\mathrm{d}h}{A^2-h^2}=\frac{\mathrm{d}t}{250}.

On 0⩽h⩽20<A0\leqslant h\leqslant20<A, use

1A2−h2=12A(1A+h+1A−h).\frac1{A^2-h^2} =\frac1{2A}\bigg(\frac1{A+h}+\frac1{A-h}\bigg).

Integrating, with ∫(A−h)−1 dh=−ln⁡(A−h)+C1\int (A-h)^{-1}\,\mathrm{d}h=-\ln(A-h)+C_1 on this interval,

12Aln⁡A+hA−h=t250+C.\frac1{2A}\ln\frac{A+h}{A-h}=\frac{t}{250}+C.

The initial condition h=0h=0, t=0t=0 gives C=0C=0. Therefore at h=20h=20,

t= 125105ln⁡105+20105−20= 16.140335….\begin{align*} t=&\,\frac{125}{10\sqrt5} \ln\frac{10\sqrt5+20}{10\sqrt5-20}\\ =&\,16.140335\ldots. \end{align*}

The required time is 16.1 s\boxed{16.1\text{ s}}.