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CIE 9709 2025 November Paper 32 Q5

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2025 Nov Paper 32 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

(a) It is given that f(x)=(x−a)2g(x)\mathrm{f}(x)=(x-a)^2\mathrm{g}(x), where f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) and g(x)\mathrm{g}(x) are polynomials.

Show that (x−a)(x-a) is a factor of f′(x)\mathrm{f}'(x).

(2)

(b) It is given that (x−3)2(x-3)^2 is a factor of 2x3−4x2+px+q2x^3-4x^2+px+q, where pp and qq are constants.

Find the values of pp and qq.

(5)
题目中文翻译

(a) 已知 f(x)=(x−a)2g(x)\mathrm{f}(x)=(x-a)^2\mathrm{g}(x),其中 f(x)\mathrm{f}(x) 和 g(x)\mathrm{g}(x) 为多项式。

证明 (x−a)(x-a) 是 f′(x)\mathrm{f}'(x) 的一个因式。

(2)

(b) 已知 (x−3)2(x-3)^2 是 2x3−4x2+px+q2x^3-4x^2+px+q 的一个因式,其中 pp 和 qq 为常数。

求 pp 和 qq 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

用乘积法则求导后提出一次因子。余下部分仍然是多项式。

答题过程

展开

Differentiating,

f′(x)= 2(x−a)g(x)+(x−a)2g′(x)= (x−a)[2g(x)+(x−a)g′(x)].\begin{align*} f'(x)=&\,2(x-a)g(x)+(x-a)^2g'(x)\\ =&\,(x-a)\big[2g(x)+(x-a)g'(x)\big]. \end{align*}

The expression in brackets is a polynomial. Hence (x−a) is a factor of f′(x)\boxed{(x-a)\text{ is a factor of }f'(x)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

重复因式使函数及其导数在 x=3x=3 处都为零。先用导数求 pp,再用原多项式求 qq。

答题过程

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Let f(x)=2x3−4x2+px+qf(x)=2x^3-4x^2+px+q. Since (x−3)2(x-3)^2 is a factor,

f(3)=0⟹54−36+3p+q=0,f(3)=0\quad\Longrightarrow\quad 54-36+3p+q=0,

so 3p+q=−183p+q=-18.

By (a), x−3x-3 is also a factor of

f′(x)=6x2−8x+p.f'(x)=6x^2-8x+p.

Hence

f′(3)=54−24+p=0⟹p=−30.f'(3)=54-24+p=0 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad p=-30.

Substituting in 3p+q=−183p+q=-18 gives q=72q=72. Therefore

p=−30,q=72.\boxed{p=-30,\qquad q=72}.

解法二

思路

展开

直接设剩下的一次因式,由最高次项和二次项确定它,再展开求两个待定系数。

答题过程

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Since (x−3)2(x-3)^2 is a factor and the leading coefficient is 22, write

f(x)=(x−3)2(2x+B).f(x)=(x-3)^2(2x+B).

Expanding,

f(x)=2x3+(B−12)x2+(18−6B)x+9B.f(x)=2x^3+(B-12)x^2+(18-6B)x+9B.

Comparing the coefficient of x2x^2 gives

B−12=−4⟹B=8.B-12=-4\quad\Longrightarrow\quad B=8.

Therefore

p=18−6(8)=−30,q=9(8)=72.p=18-6(8)=-30,\qquad q=9(8)=72.

Thus p=−30, q=72\boxed{p=-30,\ q=72}.

解法三

思路

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多项式除法可以把重复因式条件转换成线性余式为零,提供不需求导的另一条路线。

答题过程

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Dividing f(x)f(x) by x2−6x+9x^2-6x+9, the first quotient term is 2x2x. Subtracting

2x(x2−6x+9)=2x3−12x2+18x2x(x^2-6x+9)=2x^3-12x^2+18x

leaves

8x2+(p−18)x+q.8x^2+(p-18)x+q.

The next quotient term is 88. Subtracting 8(x2−6x+9)8(x^2-6x+9) leaves

(p+30)x+(q−72).(p+30)x+(q-72).

Since the division is exact, both remainder coefficients vanish:

p+30=0,q−72=0.p+30=0,\qquad q-72=0.

Hence p=−30, q=72\boxed{p=-30,\ q=72}.