题目
Problem
(a) It is given that f(x)=(x−a)2g(x), where f(x) and g(x) are polynomials.
Show that (x−a) is a factor of f′(x).
(2)
(b) It is given that (x−3)2 is a factor of 2x3−4x2+px+q, where p and q are constants.
Find the values of p and q.
(5)
题目中文翻译
(a) 已知 f(x)=(x−a)2g(x),其中 f(x) 和 g(x) 为多项式。
证明 (x−a) 是 f′(x) 的一个因式。
(2)
(b) 已知 (x−3)2 是 2x3−4x2+px+q 的一个因式,其中 p 和 q 为常数。
求 p 和 q 的值。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用乘积法则求导后提出一次因子。余下部分仍然是多项式。
答题过程
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Differentiating,
f′(x)==2(x−a)g(x)+(x−a)2g′(x)(x−a)[2g(x)+(x−a)g′(x)].
The expression in brackets is a polynomial. Hence (x−a) is a factor of f′(x).
(b)
解法一
思路
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重复因式使函数及其导数在 x=3 处都为零。先用导数求 p,再用原多项式求 q。
答题过程
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Let f(x)=2x3−4x2+px+q. Since (x−3)2 is a factor,
f(3)=0⟹54−36+3p+q=0,
so 3p+q=−18.
By (a), x−3 is also a factor of
f′(x)=6x2−8x+p.
Hence
f′(3)=54−24+p=0⟹p=−30.
Substituting in 3p+q=−18 gives q=72. Therefore
p=−30,q=72.
解法二
思路
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直接设剩下的一次因式,由最高次项和二次项确定它,再展开求两个待定系数。
答题过程
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Since (x−3)2 is a factor and the leading coefficient is 2, write
f(x)=(x−3)2(2x+B).
Expanding,
f(x)=2x3+(B−12)x2+(18−6B)x+9B.
Comparing the coefficient of x2 gives
B−12=−4⟹B=8.
Therefore
p=18−6(8)=−30,q=9(8)=72.
Thus p=−30, q=72.
解法三
思路
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多项式除法可以把重复因式条件转换成线性余式为零,提供不需求导的另一条路线。
答题过程
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Dividing f(x) by x2−6x+9, the first quotient term is 2x. Subtracting
2x(x2−6x+9)=2x3−12x2+18x
leaves
8x2+(p−18)x+q.
The next quotient term is 8. Subtracting 8(x2−6x+9) leaves
(p+30)x+(q−72).
Since the division is exact, both remainder coefficients vanish:
p+30=0,q−72=0.
Hence p=−30, q=72.