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CIE 9709 2025 November Paper 33 Q8

A Level / CIE / P3

CIE 9709 2025 Nov Paper 33 Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

The curve with equation y=e−5xln⁡5xy=\mathrm{e}^{-5x}\ln5x has a stationary point at x=px=p.

(a) Show that pp satisfies the equation ln⁡5p=15p\ln5p=\frac1{5p}.

(3)

(b) By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation in part (a) has only one root.

(2)

(c) Show by calculation that 0.2<p<0.60.2<p<0.6.

(2)

(d) It is given that the equation in part (a) can be written in the form p=15exp⁡(15p)p=\frac15\exp\big(\frac1{5p}\big), where exp⁡(x)\exp(x) denotes ex\mathrm{e}^x.

Use an iterative formula based on this rearrangement to calculate pp correct to 22 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 44 decimal places.

(3)
题目中文翻译

方程为 y=e−5xln⁡5xy=\mathrm{e}^{-5x}\ln5x 的曲线在 x=px=p 处有一个驻点。

(a) 证明 pp 满足方程 ln⁡5p=15p\ln5p=\frac1{5p}。

(3)

(b) 通过画出合适的两个函数图像的草图,证明 (a) 问中的方程只有一个根。

(2)

(c) 通过计算证明 0.2<p<0.60.2<p<0.6。

(2)

(d) 已知 (a) 问中的方程可写成 p=15exp⁡(15p)p=\frac15\exp\big(\frac1{5p}\big) 的形式,其中 exp⁡(x)\exp(x) 表示 ex\mathrm{e}^x。

使用基于这一变形的迭代公式计算 pp,答案精确到小数点后 22 位。每次迭代的结果保留小数点后 44 位。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先对一般变量 xx 求导,再代入驻点的 x=px=p,不要在求导前把变量变成常数。

答题过程

展开

For x>0x>0, differentiate using the product rule:

dydx=e−5x1x−5e−5xln⁡(5x).\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =e^{-5x}\frac1x-5e^{-5x}\ln(5x).

At a stationary point x=px=p, the derivative vanishes. Since e−5p>0e^{-5p}>0,

1p−5ln⁡(5p)=0,\frac1p-5\ln(5p)=0,

giving

ln⁡(5p)=15p.\boxed{\ln(5p)=\frac1{5p}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

对数要求自变量为正。在正半轴上,对数曲线严格递增,倒数曲线严格递减,且两端的相对高低交换。

答题过程

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Sketch y=ln⁡(5x)y=\ln(5x) and y=1/(5x)y=1/(5x) for x>0x>0.

The logarithmic curve strictly increases, crosses the horizontal axis at x=1/5x=1/5, tends to −∞-\infty as x→0+x\to0^+ and grows without bound as x→∞x\to\infty.

The reciprocal curve is positive, strictly decreasing, and asymptotic to both axes. It tends to +∞+\infty as x→0+x\to0^+ and to 00 as x→∞x\to\infty.

Thus their ordering reverses, so continuity gives an intersection. Opposite strict monotonicity ensures that it is unique.

Hence the equation has exactly one root\boxed{\text{exactly one root}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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计算连续函数的端点值,变号即可确定根所在区间。

答题过程

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Let f(p)=ln⁡(5p)−1/(5p)f(p)=\ln(5p)-1/(5p). Then

f(0.2)=ln⁡1−1=−1,f(0.2)=\ln1-1=-1,

and

f(0.6)=ln⁡3−13=0.765278…>0.f(0.6)=\ln3-\frac13=0.765278\ldots>0.

Since ff is continuous on [0.2,0.6][0.2,0.6], the sign change proves that 0.2<p<0.6\boxed{0.2<p<0.6}.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

按给定重排构造迭代公式,取区间内的初值。计算保留完整精度,输出四位小数直到两位小数稳定。

答题过程

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Use

pn+1=15exp⁡(15pn)p_{n+1}=\frac15\exp\bigg(\frac1{5p_n}\bigg)

with p0=0.4p_0=0.4. Retaining full precision during calculation gives

nnpnp_n to 4 decimal places
00.4000
10.3297
20.3668
30.3450
40.3571
50.3502
60.3541
70.3518
80.3531
90.3524

The values settle to p=0.35\boxed{p=0.35} to 2 decimal places.