题目
The curve with equation has a stationary point at .
(a) Show that satisfies the equation .
(b) By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation in part (a) has only one root.
(c) Show by calculation that .
(d) It is given that the equation in part (a) can be written in the form , where denotes .
Use an iterative formula based on this rearrangement to calculate correct to decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to decimal places.
题目中文翻译
方程为 的曲线在 处有一个驻点。
(a) 证明 满足方程 。
(b) 通过画出合适的两个函数图像的草图,证明 (a) 问中的方程只有一个根。
(c) 通过计算证明 。
(d) 已知 (a) 问中的方程可写成 的形式,其中 表示 。
使用基于这一变形的迭代公式计算 ,答案精确到小数点后 位。每次迭代的结果保留小数点后 位。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先对一般变量 求导,再代入驻点的 ,不要在求导前把变量变成常数。
答题过程
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For , differentiate using the product rule:
At a stationary point , the derivative vanishes. Since ,
giving
(b)
解法一
思路
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对数要求自变量为正。在正半轴上,对数曲线严格递增,倒数曲线严格递减,且两端的相对高低交换。
答题过程
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Sketch and for .
The logarithmic curve strictly increases, crosses the horizontal axis at , tends to as and grows without bound as .
The reciprocal curve is positive, strictly decreasing, and asymptotic to both axes. It tends to as and to as .
Thus their ordering reverses, so continuity gives an intersection. Opposite strict monotonicity ensures that it is unique.
Hence the equation has .
(c)
解法一
思路
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计算连续函数的端点值,变号即可确定根所在区间。
答题过程
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Let . Then
and
Since is continuous on , the sign change proves that .
(d)
解法一
思路
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按给定重排构造迭代公式,取区间内的初值。计算保留完整精度,输出四位小数直到两位小数稳定。
答题过程
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Use
with . Retaining full precision during calculation gives
| to 4 decimal places | |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0.4000 |
| 1 | 0.3297 |
| 2 | 0.3668 |
| 3 | 0.3450 |
| 4 | 0.3571 |
| 5 | 0.3502 |
| 6 | 0.3541 |
| 7 | 0.3518 |
| 8 | 0.3531 |
| 9 | 0.3524 |
The values settle to to 2 decimal places.