题目
Problem
A company sells bags of pasta. The masses of large bags of pasta are normally distributed with mean 2.40kg and standard deviation 0.18kg.
(a) In a random sample of 400 large bags, how many would you expect to have a mass less than 2.32kg?
(4)
The masses of small bags of pasta are normally distributed with mean μkg and standard deviation σkg. 80% of these bags have a mass less than 1.26kg and 40% of these bags have a mass less than 1.08kg.
(b) Find the value of μ and the value of σ.
(5)
Eight small bags of pasta are chosen at random.
(c) Find the probability that more than 5 of the 8 small bags have a mass less than 1.26kg.
(3)
题目中文翻译
某公司销售袋装意大利面。大袋意大利面的质量服从正态分布,平均数为 2.40kg,标准差为 0.18kg。
(a) 从大袋意大利面中随机抽取 400 袋,预计其中有多少袋的质量小于 2.32kg?
(4)
小袋意大利面的质量服从正态分布,平均数为 μkg,标准差为 σkg。其中 80% 的质量小于 1.26kg,40% 的质量小于 1.08kg。
(b) 求 μ 和 σ 的值。
(5)
随机选取 8 小袋意大利面。
(c) 求这 8 小袋中质量小于 1.26kg 的袋数多于 5 的概率。
(3)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先求单袋质量小于2.32的正态概率,再乘400。保留中间概率精度后,把预计袋数写成整数。
答题过程
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Let M∼N(2.40,0.182) denote the mass of a large bag in kilograms. Then
P(M<2.32)===P(Z<0.182.32−2.40)Φ(−0.444444…)0.328360….
The expected number is 400(0.328360…)=131.344…, giving 131 bags.
(b)
解法一
思路
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将两条累计概率分别转为标准分数,再联立两个标准化等式。相减可先解标准差,再代回求均值。
答题过程
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The standard normal quantiles for probabilities 0.80 and 0.40 are 0.841621… and −0.253347…. Thus
1.26−μ=1.08−μ=0.841621…σ,−0.253347…σ.
Subtracting gives
0.18=σ=(0.841621…+0.253347…)σ,0.164388….
Then
μ=1.26−0.841621…σ=1.121647….
Therefore,
μ≈1.12,σ≈0.164.
(c)
解法一
思路
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单袋小于1.26的概率由题设直接给出0.8,不需要使用(b)的近似参数重新计算。8袋中满足条件的袋数服从二项分布。
答题过程
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Let X be the number of the 8 small bags with mass less than 1.26kg. Then X∼B(8,0.8), so
P(X>5)==≈(68)(0.8)6(0.2)2+8(0.8)7(0.2)+(0.8)80.796917760.797.