题目
Jacob has four coins. One of the coins is biased such that when it is thrown the probability of obtaining a head is . The other three coins are fair. Jacob throws all four coins once. The number of heads that he obtains is denoted by the random variable . The probability distribution table for is as follows.
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) Show that and find the values of and .
(b) Find .
Jacob throws all four coins together 10 times.
(c) Find the probability that he obtains exactly one head on fewer than 3 occasions.
(d) Find the probability that Jacob obtains exactly one head for the first time on the 7th or 8th time that he throws the 4 coins.
题目中文翻译
Jacob 有四枚硬币。其中一枚硬币不均匀,投掷时得到正面的概率为 。另外三枚硬币均匀。Jacob 将四枚硬币各投掷一次。随机变量 表示他得到的正面个数。 的概率分布表如下。
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) 证明 ,并求 和 的值。
(b) 求 。
Jacob 将四枚硬币一起投掷 10 次。
(c) 求他恰好得到一个正面的次数少于 3 次的概率。
(d) 求 Jacob 在第 7 次或第 8 次投掷这 4 枚硬币时,才首次恰好得到一个正面的概率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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按偏币正反分类,其余三枚公平币的各个结果均概率1/8。
答题过程
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For exactly one head, either the biased coin is the only head, or it is a tail and exactly one fair coin is a head. Thus
For exactly two heads,
For exactly three heads,
(b)
解法一
思路
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用求得的完整分布求均值。
答题过程
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(c)
解法一
思路
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一次四币中恰一正面的概率由(a)为0.2;10次的成功次数服从另一二项分布。
答题过程
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Let count occasions with exactly one head. Using (a), . Hence
(d)
解法一
思路
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首次恰一正面在第7次或第8次,是两个互斥几何事件。