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CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 51 Q4

A Level / CIE / S1

CIE 9709 2022 June Paper 51 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

Jacob has four coins. One of the coins is biased such that when it is thrown the probability of obtaining a head is 710\frac{7}{10}. The other three coins are fair. Jacob throws all four coins once. The number of heads that he obtains is denoted by the random variable XX. The probability distribution table for XX is as follows.

xx01234
P(X=x)\mathrm{P}(X=x)380\frac{3}{80}aabbcc780\frac{7}{80}

(a) Show that a=15a=\frac{1}{5} and find the values of bb and cc.

(4)

(b) Find E(X)\mathrm{E}(X).

(1)

Jacob throws all four coins together 10 times.

(c) Find the probability that he obtains exactly one head on fewer than 3 occasions.

(3)

(d) Find the probability that Jacob obtains exactly one head for the first time on the 7th or 8th time that he throws the 4 coins.

(2)

题目中文翻译

Jacob 有四枚硬币。其中一枚硬币不均匀,投掷时得到正面的概率为 710\frac{7}{10}。另外三枚硬币均匀。Jacob 将四枚硬币各投掷一次。随机变量 XX 表示他得到的正面个数。XX 的概率分布表如下。

xx01234
P(X=x)\mathrm{P}(X=x)380\frac{3}{80}aabbcc780\frac{7}{80}

(a) 证明 a=15a=\frac{1}{5},并求 bb 和 cc 的值。

(4)

(b) 求 E(X)\mathrm{E}(X)。

(1)

Jacob 将四枚硬币一起投掷 10 次。

(c) 求他恰好得到一个正面的次数少于 3 次的概率。

(3)

(d) 求 Jacob 在第 7 次或第 8 次投掷这 4 枚硬币时,才首次恰好得到一个正面的概率。

(2)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

按偏币正反分类,其余三枚公平币的各个结果均概率1/8。

答题过程

展开

For exactly one head, either the biased coin is the only head, or it is a tail and exactly one fair coin is a head. Thus

a= 0.7(0.5)3+0.3(31)(0.5)3= 0.0875+0.1125=15.\begin{align*} a=&\,0.7(0.5)^3+0.3\binom31(0.5)^3\\[4mm] =&\,0.0875+0.1125=\boxed{\frac15}. \end{align*}

For exactly two heads,

b= 0.7(31)(0.5)3+0.3(32)(0.5)3= 0.375=38.\begin{align*} b=&\,0.7\binom31(0.5)^3+0.3\binom32(0.5)^3\\[4mm] =&\,0.375=\boxed{\frac38}. \end{align*}

For exactly three heads,

c=0.7(32)(0.5)3+0.3(0.5)3=0.30=310.c=0.7\binom32(0.5)^3+0.3(0.5)^3 =0.30=\boxed{\frac3{10}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

用求得的完整分布求均值。

答题过程

展开 E(X)= 15+238+3310+4780= 17680=2.2.\begin{align*} \mathrm{E}(X)=&\,\frac15+2\frac38+3\frac3{10}+4\frac7{80}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{176}{80}=\boxed{2.2}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

一次四币中恰一正面的概率由(a)为0.2;10次的成功次数服从另一二项分布。

答题过程

展开

Let SS count occasions with exactly one head. Using (a), S∼B(10,0.2)S\sim\mathrm{B}(10,0.2). Hence

P(S<3)= (0.8)10+10(0.2)(0.8)9 +(102)(0.2)2(0.8)8= 0.6777995264≈0.678.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(S<3)=&\,(0.8)^{10}+10(0.2)(0.8)^9\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+\binom{10}{2}(0.2)^2(0.8)^8\\[4mm] =&\,0.6777995264\approx\boxed{0.678}. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

首次恰一正面在第7次或第8次,是两个互斥几何事件。

答题过程

展开 P=(0.8)6(0.2)+(0.8)7(0.2)=0.09437184≈0.0944.\mathrm{P}=(0.8)^6(0.2)+(0.8)^7(0.2) =0.09437184\approx\boxed{0.0944}.