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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 52 Q4

A Level / CIE / S1

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 52 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A fair 5-sided spinner has sides labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The spinner is spun repeatedly until a 2 is obtained on the side on which the spinner lands. The random variable XX denotes the number of spins required.

(a) Find P(X=4)\mathrm{P}(X=4).

(1)

(b) Find P(X<6)\mathrm{P}(X<6).

(2)

Two fair 5-sided spinners, each with sides labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are spun at the same time. If the numbers obtained are equal, the score is 0. Otherwise, the score is the higher number minus the lower number.

(c) Find the probability that the score is greater than 0 given that the score is not equal to 2.

(3)

The two spinners are spun at the same time repeatedly.

(d) For 9 randomly chosen spins of the two spinners, find the probability that the score is greater than 2 on at least 3 occasions.

(3)

题目中文翻译

一个均匀的五面转子,各面分别标有 1、2、3、4、5。不断转动转子,直到转子停下时所落在的面上的数字为 2。随机变量 XX 表示所需的转动次数。

(a) 求 P(X=4)\mathrm{P}(X=4)。

(1)

(b) 求 P(X<6)\mathrm{P}(X<6)。

(2)

同时转动两个均匀的五面转子,每个转子的各面均分别标有 1、2、3、4、5。若得到的两个数字相同,则得分为 0;否则,得分为较大的数字减去较小的数字。

(c) 已知得分不等于 2,求得分大于 0 的概率。

(3)

反复同时转动这两个转子。

(d) 随机选取同时转动这两个转子的 9 次结果,求其中至少 3 次得分大于 2 的概率。

(3)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

前三次非2,第四次为2。

答题过程

展开 P(X=4)=(0.8)3(0.2)=0.1024.\mathrm{P}(X=4)=(0.8)^3(0.2)=\boxed{0.1024}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

少于6即前5次内成功,取五次都非2的补集。

答题过程

展开 P(X<6)=1−(0.8)5=0.67232≈0.672.\mathrm{P}(X<6)=1-(0.8)^5=0.67232\approx\boxed{0.672}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可以按首次出现2在第1至第5次分类。

答题过程

展开 P(X<6)= 0.2[1+0.8+0.82 +0.83+0.84]= 0.21−0.851−0.8= 0.67232≈0.672.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(X<6) =&\,0.2\bigl[1+0.8+0.8^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+0.8^3+0.8^4\bigr]\\[4mm] =&\,0.2\frac{1-0.8^5}{1-0.8}\\[4mm] =&\,0.67232\approx\boxed{0.672}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

两转子有25个等概率有序结果,按绝对差分类。条件排除差2的6个结果,剩余19个中再去掉差0的5个。

答题过程

展开

Let SS denote the score. Of the 25 equally likely ordered spinner outcomes, the counts for scores 0,1,2,3,40,1,2,3,4 are respectively

5,8,6,4,2.5,8,6,4,2.

Thus S≠2S\neq2 has 25−6=1925-6=19 outcomes, of which 8+4+2=148+4+2=14 also have S>0S>0. Hence

P(S>0∣S≠2)=14/2519/25=1419.\mathrm{P}(S>0\mid S\neq2)=\frac{14/25}{19/25}=\boxed{\frac{14}{19}}.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

一次得分大于2有6个结果,成功概率6/25,九次中至少3次用0、1、2次的补集。

答题过程

展开

From (c),

p=P(S>2)=4+225=625.p=\mathrm{P}(S>2)=\frac{4+2}{25}=\frac6{25}.

Let N∼B(9,p)N\sim\mathrm{B}(9,p) and q=1−p=1925q=1-p=\frac{19}{25}. Then

P(N≥3)= 1−[q9+9pq8+(92)p2q7]= 0.371311087…≈0.371.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(N\geq3) =&\,1-\bigl[q^9+9pq^8+\binom92p^2q^7\bigr]\\[4mm] =&\,0.371311087\ldots\approx\boxed{0.371}. \end{align*}