题目
In a group of 25 people there are 6 swimmers, 8 cyclists and 11 runners. Each person competes in only one of these sports. A team of 7 people is selected from these 25 people to take part in a competition.
(a) Find the number of different ways in which the team of 7 can be selected if it consists of exactly 1 swimmer, at least 4 cyclists and at most 2 runners.
For another competition, a team of 9 people consists of 2 swimmers, 3 cyclists and 4 runners. The team members stand in a line for a photograph.
(b) How many different arrangements are there of the 9 people if the swimmers stand together, the cyclists stand together and the runners stand together?
(c) How many different arrangements are there of the 9 people if none of the cyclists stand next to each other?
题目中文翻译
一组 25 人中有 6 名游泳运动员、8 名自行车运动员和 11 名跑步运动员。每人只参加其中一项运动。从这 25 人中选出一支 7 人队伍参加比赛。
(a) 若这支 7 人队伍中恰好有 1 名游泳运动员、至少 4 名自行车运动员以及至多 2 名跑步运动员,求不同的选队方式种数。
在另一场比赛中,一支 9 人队伍由 2 名游泳运动员、3 名自行车运动员和 4 名跑步运动员组成。队员们站成一排拍照。
(b) 若游泳运动员站在一起、自行车运动员站在一起、跑步运动员站在一起,这 9 人有多少种不同的排列?
(c) 若任意两名自行车运动员都不相邻,这 9 人有多少种不同的排列?
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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恰一游泳者后,六个名额按自行车4、5、6人分类,对应跑者2、1、0人。
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(b)
解法一
思路
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三类各成一块,三个块再排列,各人仍区分。
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(c)
解法一
思路
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先排六个非自行车运动员,在七个空隙中选三个不同空隙,再排列三位自行车运动员。
答题过程
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Arrange the six non-cyclists in ways. They create seven gaps, including both end gaps. Choose three distinct gaps for the cyclists and arrange the three distinct cyclists in them. Thus
解法二
思路
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也可从全部排列中减去三名自行车运动员全相邻或恰两人相邻的两类不合格情况。
答题过程
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There are unrestricted arrangements.
If all three cyclists are together, treat them as one block, giving arrangements.
If exactly two cyclists are together, choose and order that pair in ways. Arrange the six non-cyclists in ways, creating seven gaps. Choose one gap for the pair and a different gap for the remaining cyclist, in ways. This gives arrangements.
These cases are disjoint, so