题目
Two fair coins are thrown at the same time repeatedly until a pair of heads is obtained. The number of throws taken is denoted by the random variable .
(a) State the value of .
(b) Find the probability that exactly 5 throws are required to obtain a pair of heads.
(c) Find the probability that fewer than 7 throws are required to obtain a pair of heads.
题目中文翻译
反复同时抛掷两枚均匀硬币,直到两枚都出现正面为止。用随机变量 表示所需的抛掷次数。
(a) 写出 的值。
(b) 求恰好需要抛掷 5 次才得到两个正面的概率。
(c) 求抛掷少于 7 次便得到两个正面的概率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
一次两正面的成功概率1/4,几何分布均值为其倒数。
答题过程
展开
Each throw gives a pair of heads with probability . Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
前四次未获两正面,第五次获两正面。
答题过程
展开
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
少于7即前6次内成功,取六次全失败的补集。
答题过程
展开
解法二
思路
展开
也可按首次两正面发生于第1至第6次分类,求等比和。