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CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 51 Q6

A Level / CIE / S1

CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 51 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The heights of adult Indian elephants are normally distributed with mean 2.74 m2.74\,\mathrm{m} and standard deviation 0.25 m0.25\,\mathrm{m}.

A random sample of 250 of these elephants is chosen.

(a) How many of these 250 elephants would you expect to have a height between 2.40 m2.40\,\mathrm{m} and 3.10 m3.10\,\mathrm{m}?

(4)

The heights of adult African elephants are normally distributed with mean μ m\mu\,\mathrm{m} and standard deviation 0.28 m0.28\,\mathrm{m}. It is known that 62% of adult African elephants have a height greater than 3.15 m3.15\,\mathrm{m}.

(b) Find the value of μ\mu.

(3)

A random sample of 90 adult African elephants is chosen.

(c) Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 50 of these 90 elephants have a height greater than 3.15 m3.15\,\mathrm{m}.

(5)
题目中文翻译

成年印度象的身高服从均值为 2.74 m2.74\,\mathrm{m}、标准差为 0.25 m0.25\,\mathrm{m} 的正态分布。

从这些大象中随机抽取 250 头作为样本。

(a) 预计这 250 头大象中,有多少头的身高在 2.40 m2.40\,\mathrm{m} 与 3.10 m3.10\,\mathrm{m} 之间?

(4)

成年非洲象的身高服从均值为 μ m\mu\,\mathrm{m}、标准差为 0.28 m0.28\,\mathrm{m} 的正态分布。已知 62% 的成年非洲象身高大于 3.15 m3.15\,\mathrm{m}。

(b) 求 μ\mu 的值。

(3)

随机抽取 90 头成年非洲象作为样本。

(c) 利用近似方法,求这 90 头大象中超过 50 头的身高大于 3.15 m3.15\,\mathrm{m} 的概率。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先将两个身高边界标准化,算出区间概率,再乘样本数。预计头数取整数。

答题过程

展开

Let HH be the height, in metres, of an adult Indian elephant. Then H∼N(2.74,0.252)H\sim\mathrm{N}(2.74,0.25^2).

For Z∼N(0,1)Z\sim\mathrm{N}(0,1),

P(2.40<H<3.10)= P(2.40−2.740.25<Z<3.10−2.740.25)= P(−1.36<Z<1.44)= Φ(1.44)−Φ(−1.36)= 0.838151….\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(2.40<H<3.10) =&\,\mathrm{P}\biggl(\frac{2.40-2.74}{0.25}<Z <\frac{3.10-2.74}{0.25}\biggr)\\[4mm] =&\,\mathrm{P}(-1.36<Z<1.44)\\[4mm] =&\,\Phi(1.44)-\Phi(-1.36)\\[4mm] =&\,0.838151\ldots. \end{align*}

The expected number is 250×0.838151…=209.54…250\times0.838151\ldots=209.54\ldots, giving 210 elephants.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

右尾概率为0.62,意味着3.15低于均值,其左侧累计概率为0.38。先找对应的负标准分数再求均值。

答题过程

展开

Let HH be the height, in metres, of an adult African elephant. Since P(H>3.15)=0.62\mathrm{P}(H>3.15)=0.62,

P(H≤3.15)=0.38.\mathrm{P}(H\leq3.15)=0.38.

The corresponding standard normal quantile is Φ−1(0.38)=−0.30548…\Phi^{-1}(0.38)=-0.30548\ldots. Therefore,

3.15−μ0.28= −0.30548…,μ= 3.15+0.28(0.30548…)= 3.2355…≈ 3.24.\begin{align*} \frac{3.15-\mu}{0.28}=&\,-0.30548\ldots,\\[4mm] \mu=&\,3.15+0.28(0.30548\ldots)\\[4mm] =&\,3.2355\ldots\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{3.24}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

样本中超过指定身高的头数服从二项分布。均值和方差足够大,可用正态近似;“超过50”从51开始,连续性修正后的边界是50.5。

答题过程

展开

Let XX be the number of elephants in the sample with height greater than 3.15 m3.15\,\mathrm{m}. Then

X∼B(90,0.62).X\sim\mathrm{B}(90,0.62).

Here np=55.8np=55.8 and n(1−p)=34.2n(1-p)=34.2 are both greater than 5, so a normal approximation is suitable. Its mean and variance are

μX= 90(0.62)=55.8,σX2= 90(0.62)(0.38)=21.204.\begin{align*} \mu_X=&\,90(0.62)=55.8,\\[4mm] \sigma_X^2=&\,90(0.62)(0.38)=21.204. \end{align*}

Use Y∼N(55.8,21.204)Y\sim\mathrm{N}(55.8,21.204). Applying a continuity correction,

P(X>50)= P(X≥51)≈ P(Y>50.5)= P(Z>50.5−55.821.204)= P(Z>−1.15098…)= 0.8751…≈ 0.875.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(X>50)=&\,\mathrm{P}(X\geq51)\\[4mm] \approx&\,\mathrm{P}(Y>50.5)\\[4mm] =&\,\mathrm{P}\biggl(Z>\frac{50.5-55.8}{\sqrt{21.204}}\biggr)\\[4mm] =&\,\mathrm{P}(Z>-1.15098\ldots)\\[4mm] =&\,0.8751\ldots\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{0.875}. \end{align*}