题目
Ling has three coins. Each coin is biased so that the probability of obtaining a head is . Ling throws all three coins at the same time. The random variable denotes the number of heads that Ling obtains.
(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for .
Ling throws all three coins at the same time repeatedly.
(b) Find the probability that he obtains at least two heads for the first time on his 7th throw.
(c) Find the probability that he obtains at least two heads for the second time on his 6th or 7th throw.
题目中文翻译
Ling 有三枚硬币。每枚硬币都不均匀,掷出正面的概率均为 。Ling 同时掷这三枚硬币,随机变量 表示他掷出的正面个数。
(a) 列出 的概率分布表。
Ling 反复同时掷这三枚硬币。
(b) 求他在第 7 次投掷时首次掷出至少两个正面的概率。
(c) 求他在第 6 次或第 7 次投掷时第二次掷出至少两个正面的概率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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每次同时投三枚硬币,正面个数服从三次试验的二项分布。按0至3个正面计算。
答题过程
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For one throw of all three coins,
For ,
Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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将一次同时投三枚硬币所得“至少两个正面”定义为一次成功。先用(a)求成功概率,再要求前6次失败、第7次成功。
答题过程
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For each throw of the three coins, let a success mean obtaining at least two heads. From (a),
The first success must follow six failures, so
(c)
解法一
思路
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第二次成功在第6次出现,要求前5次恰有一次成功;在第7次出现则要求前6次恰有一次成功。两个事件互斥,概率相加。
答题过程
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Use and .
The second success occurs on throw 6 with probability , and on throw 7 with probability . These events are mutually exclusive. Hence