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CIE 9709 2022 November Paper 51 Q5

A Level / CIE / S1

CIE 9709 2022 Nov Paper 51 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A game is played with an ordinary fair 6-sided die. A player throws the die once. If the result is 2, 3, 4 or 5, that result is the player’s score and the player does not throw the die again. If the result is 1 or 6, the player throws the die a second time and the player’s score is the sum of the two numbers from the two throws.

(a) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to represent this information.

(2)

Events AA and BB are defined as follows.

AA: the player’s score is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9

BB: the player has two throws

(b) Show that P(A)=13\mathrm{P}(A)=\frac{1}{3}.

(3)

(c) Determine whether or not events AA and BB are independent.

(2)

(d) Find P(B∣A′)\mathrm{P}(B\mid A').

(3)

题目中文翻译

用一枚普通的均匀六面骰子进行游戏。玩家先掷一次骰子。若结果为 2、3、4 或 5,该结果就是玩家的得分,玩家不再掷骰子。若结果为 1 或 6,玩家再掷一次骰子,其得分为两次掷出的数字之和。

(a) 画一幅标注完整的树状图表示这些信息。

(2)

事件 AA 和 BB 定义如下。

AA:玩家的得分为 5、6、7、8 或 9

BB:玩家掷了两次骰子

(b) 证明 P(A)=13\mathrm{P}(A)=\frac{1}{3}。

(3)

(c) 判断事件 AA 和 BB 是否相互独立。

(2)

(d) 求 P(B∣A′)\mathrm{P}(B\mid A')。

(3)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

第一层六条分支全为1/6;只有首次1或6的分支继续第二层六个结果,其余分支终止。

答题过程

展开

Draw six first-throw branches labelled 1,2,3,4,5,61,2,3,4,5,6, each with probability 16\frac16.

  • For first results 2, 3, 4 or 5, terminate the branch with that score.
  • For first results 1 and 6, draw six further branches labelled 1,2,3,4,5,61,2,3,4,5,6, each with conditional probability 16\frac16. Label the resulting score as the sum of the two throws.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

逐个总分5至9识别合法路径,首次2至5不能再投,所以5另有直接首次5路径。

答题过程

展开

The required score probabilities are

ScorePermitted outcomesProbability
55First throw 5, or (1,4)(1,4)16+136=736\frac16+\frac1{36}=\frac7{36}
66(1,5)(1,5)136\frac1{36}
77(1,6),(6,1)(1,6),(6,1)236\frac2{36}
88(6,2)(6,2)136\frac1{36}
99(6,3)(6,3)136\frac1{36}

Therefore

P(A)=7+1+2+1+136=1236=13.\mathrm{P}(A)=\frac{7+1+2+1+1}{36}=\frac{12}{36}=\boxed{\frac13}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

两投的概率由首次1或6得到,交集为(b)中六条两投路径,比较乘积与交集。

答题过程

展开

A second throw occurs precisely when the first throw is 1 or 6, so

P(B)=26=13.\mathrm{P}(B)=\frac26=\frac13.

From (b), six two-throw outcomes have scores in A. Hence

P(A∩B)=636=16.\mathrm{P}(A\cap B)=\frac6{36}=\frac16.

But

P(A)P(B)=1313=19≠16.\mathrm{P}(A)\mathrm{P}(B)=\frac13\frac13=\frac19\neq\frac16.

Therefore A and B are not independent.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

B且非A可用B减去交集,分母为非A。

答题过程

展开 P(B∩A′)=P(B)−P(A∩B)=13−16=16.\mathrm{P}(B\cap A')=\mathrm{P}(B)-\mathrm{P}(A\cap B) =\frac13-\frac16=\frac16.

Thus

P(B∣A′)=1/61−1/3=14.\mathrm{P}(B\mid A')=\frac{1/6}{1-1/3}=\boxed{\frac14}.