题目
Hazeem repeatedly throws two ordinary fair 6-sided dice at the same time. On each occasion, the score is the sum of the two numbers that she obtains.
(a) Find the probability that it takes exactly 5 throws of the two dice for Hazeem to obtain a score of 8 or more.
(b) Find the probability that it takes no more than 4 throws of the two dice for Hazeem to obtain a score of 8 or more.
(c) For 8 randomly chosen throws of the two dice, find the probability that Hazeem obtains a score of 8 or more on fewer than 3 occasions.
题目中文翻译
Hazeem 反复同时抛掷两颗普通的均匀六面骰子。每次的得分是她得到的两个点数之和。
(a) 求 Hazeem 恰好需要抛掷这两颗骰子 5 次才能得到至少 8 分的概率。
(b) 求 Hazeem 抛掷这两颗骰子不超过 4 次便能得到至少 8 分的概率。
(c) 随机选取抛掷这两颗骰子的 8 次结果,求 Hazeem 得到至少 8 分的次数少于 3 次的概率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两骰和8至12的结果数分别为5、4、3、2、1,总成功概率15/36。首次成功第5次需要前4次失败。
答题过程
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There are 36 equally likely ordered dice outcomes. Scores 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 have respectively 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 outcomes. Thus
The required probability is
(b)
解法一
思路
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不超过4次即前四次至少一次成功,取四次全部失败的补集。
答题过程
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解法二
思路
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也可按首次成功在第1至第4次分类求和。
答题过程
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Writing and ,
(c)
解法一
思路
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八次中成功次数服从二项分布,少于3次直接求0、1、2三项。
答题过程
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Let and write , . Then