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CIE 9709 2023 November Paper 52 Q2

A Level / CIE / S1

CIE 9709 2023 Nov Paper 52 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

George has a fair 5-sided spinner with sides labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. He spins the spinner and notes the number on the side on which the spinner lands.

(a) Find the probability that it takes fewer than 7 spins for George to obtain a 5.

(2)

George spins the spinner 10 times.

(b) Find the probability that he obtains a 5 more than 4 times but fewer than 8 times.

(3)

题目中文翻译

George 有一个均匀的五面转子,各面分别标有 1、2、3、4、5。他转动转子,并记录转子停下时所落在的面上的数字。

(a) 求 George 转动少于 7 次便得到 5 的概率。

(2)

George 转动转子 10 次。

(b) 求他得到 5 的次数多于 4 次但少于 8 次的概率。

(3)

原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

成功概率1/5,少于7次即前6次至少一次5,取全未出现5的补集。

答题过程

展开 P=1−(45)6=0.737856≈0.738.\mathrm{P}=1-\biggl(\frac45\biggr)^6 =0.737856\approx\boxed{0.738}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可按首次出现5在第1至第6次分类求等比和。

答题过程

展开 P= 0.2[1+0.8+0.82 +0.83+0.84+0.85]= 0.21−0.861−0.8= 0.737856≈0.738.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}=&\,0.2\bigl[1+0.8+0.8^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+0.8^3+0.8^4+0.8^5\bigr]\\[4mm] =&\,0.2\frac{1-0.8^6}{1-0.8}\\[4mm] =&\,0.737856\approx\boxed{0.738}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

严格次数边界对应5、6、7次,直接算三项二项和。

答题过程

展开

Let S∼B(10,0.2)S\sim\mathrm{B}(10,0.2). Then

P(4<S<8)= (105)(0.2)5(0.8)5 +(106)(0.2)6(0.8)4 +(107)(0.2)7(0.8)3= 0.0327155712≈ 0.0327.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(4<S<8) =&\,\binom{10}{5}(0.2)^5(0.8)^5\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}+\binom{10}{6}(0.2)^6(0.8)^4\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{4pt}+\binom{10}{7}(0.2)^7(0.8)^3\\[4mm] =&\,0.0327155712\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{0.0327}. \end{align*}