题目
Problem
A factory produces chocolate bars. The weights of the bars are normally distributed with mean 155g and standard deviation 6g. A random sample of 350 of these bars is chosen.
(a) How many of these 350 bars would you expect to weigh between 148g and 160g?
(4)
A second factory also produces chocolate bars. The weights of these bars are normally distributed with mean μg and standard deviation σg. Tests show that 8% of the bars weigh more than 114.0g and 20% weigh less than 99.5g.
(b) Find the value of μ and the value of σ.
(5)
题目中文翻译
某工厂生产巧克力棒。巧克力棒的重量服从正态分布,平均数为 155g,标准差为 6g。随机抽取其中 350 根。
(a) 预计这 350 根中有多少根的重量介于 148g 与 160g 之间?
(4)
第二家工厂也生产巧克力棒。这些巧克力棒的重量服从正态分布,平均数为 μg,标准差为 σg。检测表明,8% 的重量大于 114.0g,20% 的重量小于 99.5g。
(b) 求 μ 和 σ 的值。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先标准化两个重量边界求区间概率,再乘350得到预计根数,并取整数。
答题过程
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Let W∼N(155,62) denote weight in grams. Then
P(148<W<160)===P(6148−155<Z<6160−155)Φ(5/6)−Φ(−7/6)0.675999….
The expected number is 350(0.675999…)=236.599…, giving 237 bars.
(b)
解法一
思路
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超过114的概率是0.08,所以左尾概率为0.92;99.5对应左尾0.20。两条标准化等式相减先求标准差,再求均值。
答题过程
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The given probabilities imply
P(W<114)=0.92,P(W<99.5)=0.20.
Thus
114−μ=99.5−μ=1.405071…σ,−0.841621…σ.
Subtracting,
14.5=σ=(1.405071…+0.841621…)σ,6.453930….
Then μ=114−1.405071…σ=104.931765…. Therefore,
μ≈105,σ≈6.45.