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CIE 9709 2025 November Paper 55 Q3

A Level / CIE / S1

CIE 9709 2025 Nov Paper 55 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

Priti has two bags of discs, XX and YY.

Bag XX contains 8 red discs and 7 blue discs.

Bag YY contains 6 red discs and 9 blue discs.

Priti tosses a fair coin.

If she obtains a head, she chooses at random and without replacement two discs from bag XX.

If she obtains a tail, she chooses at random and with replacement two discs from bag YY.

(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent this information, showing all the probabilities.

(2)

(b) Find the probability that the two discs that Priti chooses are blue.

(2)

(c) Find the probability that the two discs that Priti chooses come from bag XX given that at least one of the discs is red.

(4)
题目中文翻译

Priti 有两袋圆片,分别为 XX 和 YY。

袋 XX 内有 8 个红色圆片和 7 个蓝色圆片。

袋 YY 内有 6 个红色圆片和 9 个蓝色圆片。

Priti 抛掷一枚均匀硬币。

若出现正面,她便从袋 XX 中随机抽取两个圆片,且不放回。

若出现反面,她便从袋 YY 中随机抽取两个圆片,且有放回。

(a) 画出树状图表示这些信息,并标明所有概率。

(2)

(b) 求 Priti 抽取的两个圆片均为蓝色的概率。

(2)

(c) 已知抽取的圆片中至少有一个为红色,求 Priti 抽取的两个圆片来自袋 XX 的概率。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先画硬币分支,再画两次颜色分支。选择X时不放回,第二次分母为14;选择Y时有放回,第二次概率保持不变。

答题过程

展开

Start with Head and Tail, each with probability 12\frac12.

  • After Head, use bag X. The first probabilities are R 815\frac8{15} and B 715\frac7{15}. After R, the second probabilities are R 714\frac7{14} and B 714\frac7{14}; after B, they are R 814\frac8{14} and B 614\frac6{14}.
  • After Tail, use bag Y. Both draws have probabilities R 615\frac6{15} and B 915\frac9{15}, because the disc is replaced.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

两蓝可从X袋或Y袋取得。两条袋子分支互斥,分别计算蓝蓝概率后相加。

答题过程

展开 P(BB)= 12715614+12915915= 110+950= 725.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(BB) =&\,\frac12\frac7{15}\frac6{14} +\frac12\frac9{15}\frac9{15}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac1{10}+\frac9{50}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac7{25}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

至少一红的补集是两蓝,用(b)求分母。分子是在X袋中取得至少一红,也可用X袋的两蓝取补集。

答题过程

展开

Let EE be the event that at least one disc is red, and let AXA_X denote choosing bag X.

From (b),

P(E)=1−725=1825.\mathrm{P}(E)=1-\frac7{25}=\frac{18}{25}.

Given bag X, the probability of two blues is 715614=15\frac7{15}\frac6{14}=\frac15. Therefore,

P(AX∩E)=12(1−15)=25.\mathrm{P}(A_X\cap E)=\frac12\biggl(1-\frac15\biggr)=\frac25.

Hence

P(AX∣E)=2/518/25=59.\mathrm{P}(A_X\mid E) =\frac{2/5}{18/25} =\boxed{\frac59}.