题目
In the past the time, in minutes, taken by students to complete a certain challenge had mean and standard deviation . A new challenge is devised and it is expected that students will take, on average, less than minutes to complete this challenge. A random sample of students is chosen and their mean time for the new challenge is found to be minutes.
(a) Assuming that the standard deviation of the time for the new challenge is minutes, test at the significance level whether the population mean time for the new challenge is less than minutes.
(b) State, with a reason, whether it is possible that a Type I error was made in the test in part (a).
题目中文翻译
过去,学生完成某项挑战的用时(以分钟为单位)的均值为 ,标准差为 。现设计出一项新挑战,预计学生完成这项挑战的平均用时少于 分钟。随机抽取 名学生,测得他们完成新挑战的平均用时为 分钟。
(a) 假设完成新挑战的用时的标准差为 分钟,在 的显著性水平下检验完成新挑战的总体平均用时是否少于 分钟。
(b) 说明 (a) 的检验中是否可能犯了第一类错误,并给出理由。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以新挑战总体平均时间作左尾检验,样本量40足够使用均值正态近似。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean time for the new challenge, in minutes.
Using the large-sample normal approximation with the assumed population standard deviation ,
The lower-tail 1% critical value is . Since , we do not reject . There is insufficient evidence at the 1% significance level that the new population mean time is less than 25.5 minutes.
(b)
解法一
思路
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第一类错误须发生拒绝原假设,但(a)没有拒绝。
答题过程
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No. A Type I error means rejecting a true null hypothesis, but was not rejected in part (a).