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CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 62 Q6

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2022 March Paper 62 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

In a game a ball is rolled down a slope and along a track until it stops. The distance, in metres, travelled by the ball is modelled by the random variable XX with probability density function

f(x)={−k(x−1)(x−3)1≤x≤3,0otherwise,\mathrm{f}(x)=\begin{cases} -k(x-1)(x-3) & 1\leq x\leq3,\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}, \end{cases}

where kk is a constant.

(a) Without calculation, explain why E(X)=2\mathrm{E}(X)=2.

(1)

(b) Show that k=34k=\dfrac34.

(3)

(c) Find Var(X)\mathrm{Var}(X).

(3)

One turn consists of rolling the ball 33 times and noting the largest value of XX obtained. If this largest value is greater than 2.52.5, the player scores a point.

(d) Find the probability that on a particular turn the player scores a point.

(4)
题目中文翻译

在一个游戏中,小球从斜坡上滚下,沿轨道滚动,直到停下。小球滚过的距离(以米为单位)用随机变量 XX 描述,其概率密度函数为

f(x)={−k(x−1)(x−3)1≤x≤3,0其他情况,\mathrm{f}(x)=\begin{cases} -k(x-1)(x-3) & 1\leq x\leq3,\\ 0 & \text{其他情况,} \end{cases}

其中 kk 为常数。

(a) 不进行计算,解释为什么 E(X)=2\mathrm{E}(X)=2。

(1)

(b) 证明 k=34k=\dfrac34。

(3)

(c) 求 Var(X)\mathrm{Var}(X)。

(3)

每回合滚球 33 次,记录所得的最大 XX 值。如果这个最大值大于 2.52.5,玩家得一分。

(d) 求玩家在某一回合得一分的概率。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

密度曲线关于支撑区间中点2对称,因此均值为2,无须积分。

答题过程

展开

The probability density curve is symmetric about x=2x=2, so E(X)=2\boxed{\mathrm{E}(X)=2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

对整个支撑区间积分等于1,展开二次式再求原函数。

答题过程

展开

The total probability is 1, so

1= k∫13(−x2+4x−3) dx= k[−x33+2x2−3x]13= k(0−(−43))=4k3.\begin{align*} 1 =&\,k\int_1^3(-x^2+4x-3)\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] =&\,k\bigg[-\frac{x^3}{3}+2x^2-3x\bigg]_1^3\\[4mm] =&\,k\bigg(0-\bigg(-\frac43\bigg)\bigg)=\frac{4k}{3}. \end{align*}

Hence k=34\boxed{k=\frac34}, as required.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

积分求二阶矩,再减去均值平方。

答题过程

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Using k=34k=\frac34,

E(X2)= 34∫13(−x4+4x3−3x2) dx= 34[−x55+x4−x3]13= 34(275+15)=215.\begin{align*} \mathrm{E}(X^2) =&\,\frac34\int_1^3(-x^4+4x^3-3x^2)\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] =&\,\frac34\bigg[-\frac{x^5}{5}+x^4-x^3\bigg]_1^3\\[4mm] =&\,\frac34\bigg(\frac{27}{5}+\frac15\bigg)=\frac{21}{5}. \end{align*}

Therefore

Var(X)= E(X2)−(E(X))2= 215−4=15.\begin{align*} \mathrm{Var}(X)=&\,\mathrm{E}(X^2)-\bigl(\mathrm{E}(X)\bigr)^2\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{21}{5}-4=\boxed{\frac15}. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

未得分意味着三次全部不超过2.5,先求单次分布函数,再取三次独立的补集。

答题过程

展开

For one roll,

P(X≤2.5)= 34∫15/2(−x2+4x−3) dx= 34[−x33+2x2−3x]15/2= 2732.\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(X\leq2.5) =&\,\frac34\int_1^{5/2}(-x^2+4x-3)\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] =&\,\frac34\bigg[-\frac{x^3}{3}+2x^2-3x\bigg]_1^{5/2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{27}{32}. \end{align*}

For three independent rolls, a point is scored unless all three distances are at most 2.5. Thus

P(a point)= 1−(2732)3= 1308532768= 0.399(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(\text{a point})=&\,1-\bigg(\frac{27}{32}\bigg)^3\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{13085}{32768}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{0.399}\quad\text{(3 s.f.).} \end{align*}