题目
Last year, the mean time taken by students at a school to complete a certain test was minutes. Akash believes that the mean time taken by this year’s students was less than minutes. In order to test this belief, he takes a large random sample of this year’s students and he notes the time taken by each student. He carries out a test, at the significance level, for the population mean time, minutes. Akash uses the null hypothesis .
(a) Give a reason why Akash should use a one-tailed test.
Akash finds that the value of the test statistic is .
(b) Explain what conclusion he should draw.
In a different one-tailed hypothesis test the -value was found to be .
(c) Given that this value would lead to a rejection of the null hypothesis at the significance level, find the set of possible values of .
The population mean time taken by students at another school to complete a test last year was minutes. Sorin carries out a one-tailed test to determine whether the population mean this year is less than , using a random sample of students. He assumes that the population standard deviation of the times is minutes. The sample mean is minutes, and this result just leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis at the significance level.
(d) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
去年,某校学生完成一次测试的平均用时为 分钟。Akash 认为今年的学生平均用时少于 分钟。为了检验这一看法,他从今年的学生中随机抽取一个大样本,并记录每名学生的用时。他对总体平均用时 分钟在 的显著性水平下进行检验。Akash 使用的原假设为 。
(a) 给出一个理由,说明为什么 Akash 应采用单尾检验。
Akash 求得检验统计量的值为 。
(b) 说明他应得出什么结论。
在另一次单尾假设检验中,求得的 值为 。
(c) 已知在 的显著性水平下,这个值会导致拒绝原假设。求 的所有可能取值所构成的集合。
另一所学校的学生去年完成一次测试的总体平均用时为 分钟。Sorin 随机抽取 名学生,进行单尾检验,以判断今年的总体平均用时是否小于 。他假设用时的总体标准差为 分钟。样本均值为 分钟,这个结果在 的显著性水平下恰好导致拒绝原假设。
(d) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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备择为平均时间减少,方向已经确定,故采用左尾单尾检验。
答题过程
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Akash is specifically testing for a decrease in the population mean time, so the alternative hypothesis is and a one-tailed test is appropriate.
(b)
解法一
思路
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将负2.02与2.5%左尾临界值负1.96比较,给出有证据支持时间减少的结论。
答题过程
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The lower-tail 2.5% critical value is . Since
Akash should reject . There is sufficient evidence at the 2.5% significance level that this year’s population mean completion time is less than 25 minutes.
(c)
解法一
思路
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正的检验统计量对应右尾拒绝,先求上尾p值,再用显著性水平至少等于未舍入p值表达范围。
答题过程
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The upper-tail probability for is
For rejection, the significance level must be at least this tail probability:
Thus the lower boundary for is , approximately to 3 significant figures.
(d)
解法一
思路
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刚好拒绝表示观测均值位于5%左尾临界边界,代入标准误3.9/10反求原假设均值m。
答题过程
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At the lower-tail 5% critical boundary,
Therefore
so (3 s.f.).