题目
A researcher records the time, seconds, taken by adults to complete a questionnaire.
The results for a random sample of adults who completed the questionnaire this year are summarised as follows.
(a) Find an unbiased estimate of , and show that an unbiased estimate of is .
In the past, the population mean time was seconds.
(b) Test at the significance level whether the population mean time for this year is less than seconds.
(c) State, with a reason, whether it was necessary to use the Central Limit Theorem in your answer to part (b).
题目中文翻译
一名研究人员记录成年人填写一份问卷所用的时间,记为 秒。
从今年填写了这份问卷的成年人中随机抽取 人,结果汇总如下。
(a) 求 的一个无偏估计值,并证明 的一个无偏估计值为 。
过去的总体平均用时为 秒。
(b) 在 的显著性水平下,检验今年的总体平均用时是否少于 秒。
(c) 说明解答 (b) 时是否有必要使用中心极限定理,并给出理由。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用样本均值估计总体均值;无偏方差须以样本量减一为分母。
答题过程
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An unbiased estimate of is
An unbiased estimate of is
(b)
解法一
思路
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建立总体均值的左尾检验,用样本无偏方差估计标准误,与2%临界值比较并结合情境下结论。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean completion time this year, in seconds.
Using the large-sample normal approximation, the test statistic is
The lower-tail 2% critical value is . Since
we reject . There is sufficient evidence at the 2% significance level that the population mean completion time has decreased.
(c)
解法一
思路
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总体分布并未说明为正态,因此样本均值的近似正态性需要中心极限定理。
答题过程
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Yes. The population distribution of completion times is unknown, so the Central Limit Theorem is needed to approximate the distribution of the sample mean by a normal distribution.