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CIE 9709 2025 March Paper 62 Q3

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2025 March Paper 62 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The random variable XX has the distribution Po(1.5)\mathrm{Po}(1.5).

(a) Find P(X≥3)\mathrm{P}(X\geq 3).

(2)

(b) Find the probability that the sum of three independent values of XX is between 33 and 55 inclusive.

(3)

(c) The sum of a large number, nn, of values of XX is denoted by TT. Using a suitable approximation, it was found that P(T>330)=0.0391\mathrm{P}(T>330)=0.0391, correct to 33 significant figures.

Find the value of nn.

(5)
题目中文翻译

随机变量 XX 服从 Po(1.5)\mathrm{Po}(1.5) 分布。

(a) 求 P(X≥3)\mathrm{P}(X\geq 3)。

(2)

(b) 求 XX 的三个独立取值之和介于 33 与 55 之间(含端点)的概率。

(3)

(c) 设 TT 为 XX 的 nn 个取值之和,其中 nn 很大。用适当的近似求得 P(T>330)=0.0391\mathrm{P}(T>330)=0.0391,精确到 33 位有效数字。

求 nn 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

至少3次的补集为0、1、2次,利用泊松概率求和。

答题过程

展开 P(X≥3)= 1−P(X≤2)= 1−e−1.5(1+1.5+1.522!)= 0.191153…= 0.191(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} \mathrm{P}(X\geq3)=&\,1-\mathrm{P}(X\leq2)\\[4mm] =&\,1-e^{-1.5}\bigg(1+1.5+\frac{1.5^2}{2!}\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,0.191153\ldots\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{0.191}\quad\text{(3 s.f.).} \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

独立泊松变量之和仍为泊松分布,参数相加,直接累加3至5次的概率。

答题过程

展开

Let S=X1+X2+X3S=X_1+X_2+X_3, where the three values are independent. Then

S∼Po(3×1.5)=Po(4.5).S\sim\mathrm{Po}(3\times1.5)=\mathrm{Po}(4.5).

Thus

 P(3≤S≤5)= e−4.5(4.533!+4.544!) +e−4.54.555!= 0.529352…= 0.529(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} &\,\mathrm{P}(3\leq S\leq5)\\[4mm] =&\,e^{-4.5}\bigg(\frac{4.5^3}{3!}+\frac{4.5^4}{4!}\bigg)\\[4mm] &\,+e^{-4.5}\frac{4.5^5}{5!}\\[4mm] =&\,0.529352\ldots\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{0.529}\quad\text{(3 s.f.).} \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

总和的均值与方差均为1.5n。连续性修正后,将尾概率转成正态分位数,再令根号下的均值为新变量求解。

答题过程

展开

Using the normal approximation,

T≈N(1.5n,1.5n).T\approx\mathrm{N}(1.5n,1.5n).

Since T>330T>330 means T≥331T\geq331, the continuity-corrected boundary is 330.5330.5. Therefore

330.5−1.5n1.5n= Φ−1(1−0.0391)= 1.76123….\begin{align*} \frac{330.5-1.5n}{\sqrt{1.5n}}=&\,\Phi^{-1}(1-0.0391)\\[4mm] =&\,1.76123\ldots. \end{align*}

Put u=1.5n>0u=\sqrt{1.5n}>0. Then

u2+1.76123…u−330.5=0.u^2+1.76123\ldots u-330.5=0.

Taking the positive root,

u=−1.76123…+(1.76123…)2+4(330.5)2.u=\frac{-1.76123\ldots+\sqrt{(1.76123\ldots)^2+4(330.5)}}{2}.

Then

n= u21.5= 199.9966….\begin{align*} n=&\,\frac{u^2}{1.5}\\[4mm] =&\,199.9966\ldots. \end{align*}

As nn is an integer, n=200\boxed{n=200}.

Checking with this value,

 1−Φ(330.5−300300)= 0.0391261…≈ 0.0391(3 s.f.),\begin{align*} &\,1-\Phi\bigg(\frac{330.5-300}{\sqrt{300}}\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,0.0391261\ldots\\[4mm] \approx&\,0.0391\quad\text{(3 s.f.),} \end{align*}

as required.