题目
Batteries of type are known to have a mean life of hours. It is required to test whether a new type of battery, type , has a shorter mean life than type batteries.
(a) Give a reason for using a sample rather than the whole population in carrying out this test.
A random sample of type batteries are tested and it is found that their mean life is hours, and an unbiased estimate of the population variance is .
(b) Test, at the significance level, whether type batteries have a shorter mean life than type batteries.
(c) Calculate a confidence interval for the population mean life of type batteries.
题目中文翻译
已知 型电池的平均寿命为 小时。需要检验新型电池,即 型电池的平均寿命是否比 型电池的短。
(a) 给出一个理由,说明为什么进行这项检验时使用样本,而非整个总体。
随机抽取 节 型电池进行测试,得到平均寿命为 小时,总体方差的一个无偏估计值为 。
(b) 在 的显著性水平下检验 型电池的平均寿命是否比 型电池的短。
(c) 计算 型电池总体平均寿命的一个 置信区间。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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寿命测试会耗尽电池,测试全部总体会把所有电池用完。
答题过程
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Testing a battery’s lifetime uses it up, so testing the whole population would leave all the batteries unusable.
(b)
解法一
思路
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以B型总体平均寿命作左尾检验,使用无偏方差225和样本量120的标准误。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean life of type batteries, in hours.
Using the large-sample normal approximation,
The lower-tail 2% critical value is . Since , we reject .
There is sufficient evidence at the 2% significance level that type batteries have a shorter population mean life than type batteries.
(c)
解法一
思路
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94%区间两端各3%,使用累计概率0.97的正态临界值。
答题过程
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With , the 94% confidence interval is
Thus the interval is