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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 62 Q3

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 62 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

The masses, in kilograms, of newborn babies in country AA are represented by the random variable XX, with mean μ\mu and variance σ2\sigma^2. The masses of a random sample of 500500 newborn babies in this country were found and the results are summarised below.

n=500∑x=1625∑x2=5663.5n=500\qquad\sum x=1625\qquad\sum x^2=5663.5

(a) Calculate unbiased estimates of μ\mu and σ2\sigma^2.

(3)

A researcher wishes to test whether the mean mass of newborn babies in a neighbouring country, BB, is different from that in country AA. He chooses a random sample of 6060 newborn babies in country BB and finds that their sample mean mass is 2.95 kg2.95\,\mathrm{kg}.

Assume that your unbiased estimates in part (a) are the correct values for μ\mu and σ2\sigma^2. Assume also that the variance of the masses of newborn babies in country BB is the same as in country AA.

(b) Carry out the test at the 1%1\% significance level.

(5)
题目中文翻译

用随机变量 XX 表示 AA 国新生儿的质量(以千克为单位),其均值为 μ\mu,方差为 σ2\sigma^2。从该国随机抽取 500500 名新生儿,测量他们的质量,结果汇总如下。

n=500∑x=1625∑x2=5663.5n=500\qquad\sum x=1625\qquad\sum x^2=5663.5

(a) 计算 μ\mu 和 σ2\sigma^2 的无偏估计值。

(3)

一名研究人员想检验邻国 BB 的新生儿平均质量是否与 AA 国不同。他从 BB 国随机抽取 6060 名新生儿,测得样本平均质量为 2.95 kg2.95\,\mathrm{kg}。

假设 (a) 中求得的无偏估计值就是 μ\mu 和 σ2\sigma^2 的真值,并假设 BB 国新生儿质量的方差与 AA 国相同。

(b) 在 1%1\% 的显著性水平下进行检验。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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样本总质量除以500,无偏方差以499为分母。

答题过程

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The unbiased estimate of μ\mu is

xˉ=1625500=3.25 kg.\bar x=\frac{1625}{500}=\boxed{3.25\text{ kg}}.

The unbiased estimate of σ2\sigma^2 is

s2= 5663.5−16252/500499= 15291996≈ 0.766 kg2(3 s.f.).\begin{align*} s^2=&\,\frac{5663.5-1625^2/500}{499}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{1529}{1996}\\[4mm] \approx&\,\boxed{0.766\text{ kg}^2}\quad\text{(3 s.f.).} \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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题目要求把A国估计值当作真值,因此检验B国总体均值是否不同于3.25,用同一方差及60的样本量作双尾正态检验。

答题过程

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Let μB\mu_B be the population mean mass of newborn babies in country BB, in kilograms.

H0:μB=3.25,H1:μB≠3.25.H_0:\mu_B=3.25,\qquad H_1:\mu_B\neq3.25.

Using the assumed population variance σ2=15291996\sigma^2=\frac{1529}{1996} and the large-sample normal approximation,

z=2.95−3.25(1529/1996)/60=−2.65505….z=\frac{2.95-3.25}{\sqrt{(1529/1996)/60}} =-2.65505\ldots.

The two-tailed 1% critical values are ±2.576\pm2.576. Since ∣z∣>2.576|z|>2.576, we reject H0H_0.

There is sufficient evidence at the 1% significance level that the population mean mass of newborn babies in country BB differs from that in country AA.