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CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 62 Q7

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2023 June Paper 62 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

(a)

The diagram shows the graph of the probability density function, f\mathrm{f}, of a random variable XX which takes values between 00 and 44 only. Between these two values the graph is a straight line.

(i) Show that f(x)=kx\mathrm{f}(x)=kx for 0≤x≤40\leq x\leq4, where kk is a constant to be determined.

(2)

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find E(X)\mathrm{E}(X).

(3)

(b)

The diagram shows the graph of the probability density function, g\mathrm{g}, of a random variable WW which takes values between 00 and aa only, where a>0a>0. Between these two values the graph is a straight line.

Given that the median of WW is 11, find the value of aa.

(3)
题目中文翻译

(a) 图中给出了随机变量 XX 的概率密度函数 f\mathrm{f} 的图像。XX 只在 00 到 44 之间取值。在这两个值之间,图像为直线段。

(i) 证明当 0≤x≤40\leq x\leq4 时,f(x)=kx\mathrm{f}(x)=kx,并求常数 kk。

(2)

(ii) 由此或用其他方法求 E(X)\mathrm{E}(X)。

(3)

(b) 图中给出了随机变量 WW 的概率密度函数 g\mathrm{g} 的图像。WW 只在 00 到 aa 之间取值,其中 a>0a>0。在这两个值之间,图像为直线段。

已知 WW 的中位数为 11,求 aa 的值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

直线经过原点,故密度为kx。用总面积或积分等于1求出k。

答题过程

展开

The straight line passes through the origin, so f(x)=kxf(x)=kx for 0≤x≤40\leq x\leq4. Since the total probability is 1,

∫04kx dx= [kx22]04= 8k=1.\begin{align*} \int_0^4kx\,\mathrm{d}x=&\,\bigg[\frac{kx^2}{2}\bigg]_0^4\\[4mm] =&\,8k=1. \end{align*}

Thus

k=18,f(x)=x8.\boxed{k=\frac18},\qquad \boxed{f(x)=\frac{x}{8}}.

The density formula applies for 0≤x≤40\leq x\leq4.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

对x乘上一问密度积分求期望。

答题过程

展开 E(X)= ∫04xx8 dx= [x324]04= 83.\begin{align*} \mathrm{E}(X)=&\,\int_0^4x\frac{x}{8}\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] =&\,\bigg[\frac{x^3}{24}\bigg]_0^4\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac83}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

中位数右侧的小三角形面积是总三角形的一半。相似三角形的面积比是对应边长比的平方,直接消去高度。

答题过程

展开

Since the median is 1, a>1a>1 and P(W>1)=12\mathrm{P}(W>1)=\frac12.

The triangle under the graph from w=1w=1 to w=aw=a is similar to the whole triangle, with corresponding base-length ratio a−1a\frac{a-1}{a}. Therefore

(a−1a)2=12.\bigg(\frac{a-1}{a}\bigg)^2=\frac12.

Both lengths are positive, so

a−1a=12.\frac{a-1}{a}=\frac1{\sqrt2}.

Solving for aa,

a= 22−1= 2+2.\begin{align*} a=&\,\frac{\sqrt2}{\sqrt2-1}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{2+\sqrt2}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

先以三角形总面积求纵截距,再写出直线密度,令从0至1的积分为一半。解二次方程后用a大于1筛根。

答题过程

展开

Let the vertical intercept be hh. Normalisation gives

12ah=1⟹h=2a.\frac12ah=1 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad h=\frac2a.

Thus the straight-line density is

g(w)=2a−2wa2.g(w)=\frac2a-\frac{2w}{a^2}.

This formula applies for 0≤w≤a0\leq w\leq a. Since the median is 1,

∫01(2a−2wa2) dw=12.\int_0^1\bigg(\frac2a-\frac{2w}{a^2}\bigg)\,\mathrm{d}w=\frac12.

Hence

2a−1a2= 12,a2−4a+2= 0,\begin{align*} \frac2a-\frac1{a^2}=&\,\frac12,\\[4mm] a^2-4a+2=&\,0, \end{align*}

giving a=2±2a=2\pm\sqrt2. The median must lie inside the support, so a>1a>1 and 2−22-\sqrt2 is invalid. Therefore a=2+2\boxed{a=2+\sqrt2}.