题目
(a)
The diagram shows the graph of the probability density function, , of a random variable which takes values between and only. Between these two values the graph is a straight line.
(i) Show that for , where is a constant to be determined.
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find .
(b)
The diagram shows the graph of the probability density function, , of a random variable which takes values between and only, where . Between these two values the graph is a straight line.
Given that the median of is , find the value of .
题目中文翻译
(a) 图中给出了随机变量 的概率密度函数 的图像。 只在 到 之间取值。在这两个值之间,图像为直线段。
(i) 证明当 时,,并求常数 。
(ii) 由此或用其他方法求 。
(b) 图中给出了随机变量 的概率密度函数 的图像。 只在 到 之间取值,其中 。在这两个值之间,图像为直线段。
已知 的中位数为 ,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)(i)
解法一
思路
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直线经过原点,故密度为kx。用总面积或积分等于1求出k。
答题过程
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The straight line passes through the origin, so for . Since the total probability is 1,
Thus
The density formula applies for .
(a)(ii)
解法一
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对x乘上一问密度积分求期望。
答题过程
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(b)
解法一
思路
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中位数右侧的小三角形面积是总三角形的一半。相似三角形的面积比是对应边长比的平方,直接消去高度。
答题过程
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Since the median is 1, and .
The triangle under the graph from to is similar to the whole triangle, with corresponding base-length ratio . Therefore
Both lengths are positive, so
Solving for ,
解法二
思路
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先以三角形总面积求纵截距,再写出直线密度,令从0至1的积分为一半。解二次方程后用a大于1筛根。
答题过程
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Let the vertical intercept be . Normalisation gives
Thus the straight-line density is
This formula applies for . Since the median is 1,
Hence
giving . The median must lie inside the support, so and is invalid. Therefore .