题目
The masses of cereal boxes filled by a certain machine have mean grams. An adjustment is made to the machine and an inspector wishes to test whether the mean mass of cereal boxes filled by the machine has decreased.
After the adjustment is made, he chooses a random sample of cereal boxes. The mean mass of these boxes is found to be grams.
Assume that the standard deviation of the masses is grams.
(a) Test at the significance level whether the mean mass of cereal boxes filled by the machine has decreased.
Later the inspector carries out a similar test at the significance level, using the same hypotheses and another randomly chosen cereal boxes.
(b) Given that the mean mass is now actually grams, find the probability of a Type II error.
题目中文翻译
某台机器灌装的盒装谷物的平均质量为 克。对这台机器作了调整,一名检查员想检验由这台机器灌装的盒装谷物的平均质量是否下降。
调整之后,他随机抽取 盒谷物,测得这些盒装谷物的平均质量为 克。
假设质量的标准差为 克。
(a) 在 的显著性水平下检验这台机器灌装的盒装谷物的平均质量是否下降。
后来,检查员采用相同的假设,另随机抽取 盒谷物,在 的显著性水平下进行一次类似的检验。
(b) 已知现在的平均质量实际为 克,求发生第二类错误的概率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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总体标准差已知,使用大样本均值的左尾正态检验,2.5%临界值为负1.96。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean mass after the adjustment, in grams.
By the Central Limit Theorem, the sample mean is approximately normal. The test statistic is
Since , the lower-tail 2.5% critical value, we reject .
There is sufficient evidence at the 2.5% significance level that the population mean mass has decreased.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先在原假设下找样本均值的拒绝边界。真实均值为506时,第二类错误为样本均值不低于这一边界。
答题过程
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Let be the critical sample mean. Under ,
so
We reject for . When the true mean is 506 g,
Thus