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CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 62 Q7

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2024 June Paper 62 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The probability density function, f\mathrm{f}, of a random variable XX is given by

f(x)={k(1+cos⁡x)0≤x≤π,0otherwise,\mathrm{f}(x)=\begin{cases} k(1+\cos x) & 0\leq x\leq\pi,\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}, \end{cases}

where kk is a constant.

(a) Show that k=1πk=\dfrac1\pi.

(3)

(b) Verify that the median of XX lies between 0.830.83 and 0.840.84.

(3)

(c) Find the exact value of E(X)\mathrm{E}(X).

(4)
题目中文翻译

随机变量 XX 的概率密度函数 f\mathrm{f} 为

f(x)={k(1+cos⁡x)0≤x≤π,0其他情况,\mathrm{f}(x)=\begin{cases} k(1+\cos x) & 0\leq x\leq\pi,\\ 0 & \text{其他情况,} \end{cases}

其中 kk 为常数。

(a) 证明 k=1πk=\dfrac1\pi。

(3)

(b) 验证 XX 的中位数介于 0.830.83 与 0.840.84 之间。

(3)

(c) 求 E(X)\mathrm{E}(X) 的精确值。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

将密度在0至π上积分并令总概率为1,展示上下限代入得到kπ等于1。

答题过程

展开 ∫0πk(1+cos⁡x) dx= 1,k[x+sin⁡x]0π= 1,k(π+sin⁡π−0−sin⁡0)= 1,kπ= 1.\begin{align*} \int_0^\pi k(1+\cos x)\,\mathrm{d}x=&\,1,\\[4mm] k[x+\sin x]_0^\pi=&\,1,\\[4mm] k(\pi+\sin\pi-0-\sin0)=&\,1,\\[4mm] k\pi=&\,1. \end{align*}

Hence k=1π\boxed{k=\frac1\pi}, as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

求累计分布在0.83与0.84的值,并确认它们分居0.5两侧。三角函数使用弧度。

答题过程

展开

For 0≤t≤π0\leq t\leq\pi,

F(t)=1π∫0t(1+cos⁡x) dx=t+sin⁡tπ.F(t)=\frac1\pi\int_0^t(1+\cos x)\,\mathrm{d}x =\frac{t+\sin t}{\pi}.

Using radians,

F(0.83)=0.83+sin⁡0.83π=0.499088…<0.5,F(0.83)=\frac{0.83+\sin0.83}{\pi} =0.499088\ldots<0.5,

whereas

F(0.84)=0.84+sin⁡0.84π=0.504408…>0.5.F(0.84)=\frac{0.84+\sin0.84}{\pi} =0.504408\ldots>0.5.

Since FF is continuous and strictly increasing in this interval, the median satisfies 0.83<m<0.84\boxed{0.83<m<0.84}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

期望积分中x的部分直接积分,x乘余弦用分部积分,最后保留含π的精确答案。

答题过程

展开 E(X)=1π∫0π(x+xcos⁡x) dx.\mathrm{E}(X)=\frac1\pi\int_0^\pi(x+x\cos x)\,\mathrm{d}x.

Integration by parts gives

∫xcos⁡x dx= xsin⁡x−∫sin⁡x dx= xsin⁡x+cos⁡x.\begin{align*} \int x\cos x\,\mathrm{d}x=&\,x\sin x-\int\sin x\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] =&\,x\sin x+\cos x. \end{align*}

Therefore

E(X)= 1π[x22+xsin⁡x+cos⁡x]0π= 1π(π22−1−1)= π2−2π.\begin{align*} \mathrm{E}(X)=&\,\frac1\pi\bigg[\frac{x^2}{2}+x\sin x+\cos x\bigg]_0^\pi\\[4mm] =&\,\frac1\pi\bigg(\frac{\pi^2}{2}-1-1\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac\pi2-\frac2\pi}. \end{align*}