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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 63 Q2

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 63 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

The lengths of pencils made at a factory are normally distributed. The standard deviation of the lengths is σ cm\sigma\,\mathrm{cm}, and the mean is supposed to be 10 cm10\,\mathrm{cm}. An inspector thinks that the mean is actually greater than 10 cm10\,\mathrm{cm}. He takes a random sample of 5050 pencils produced at the factory and finds that the mean of these 5050 lengths is 10.03 cm10.03\,\mathrm{cm}. He then carries out a hypothesis test.

(a) He finds that the value of the test statistic zz is 1.9951.995 correct to 33 decimal places.

(i) Calculate the value of σ\sigma.

(3)

(ii) Carry out the hypothesis test at the 2.5%2.5\% significance level.

(3)

(b) Explain whether it was necessary to use the Central Limit Theorem in carrying out the test.

(1)
题目中文翻译

某工厂生产的铅笔的长度服从正态分布。长度的标准差为 σ cm\sigma\,\mathrm{cm},均值应为 10 cm10\,\mathrm{cm}。一名检验员认为实际均值大于 10 cm10\,\mathrm{cm}。他从该工厂生产的铅笔中随机抽取 5050 支,发现这 5050 支铅笔的平均长度为 10.03 cm10.03\,\mathrm{cm}。然后,他进行假设检验。

(a) 他发现检验统计量 zz 保留 33 位小数后为 1.9951.995。

(i) 计算 σ\sigma 的值。

(3)

(ii) 在 2.5%2.5\% 的显著性水平下进行假设检验。

(3)

(b) 说明在进行检验时是否有必要使用中心极限定理。

(1)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

反用样本均值检验统计量公式,分母是总体标准差除以样本量平方根。

答题过程

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Using the given statistic,

10.03−10σ/50=1.995.\frac{10.03-10}{\sigma/\sqrt{50}}=1.995.

Thus

σ=0.03501.995≈0.106 cm.\boxed{\sigma=\frac{0.03\sqrt{50}}{1.995}\approx0.106\text{ cm}}.

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

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检验方向是平均长度增加,显著性水平 2.5%2.5\% 的右尾临界值为 1.961.96;直接使用题目给出的未粗略舍入统计量。

答题过程

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Let μ\mu be the population mean pencil length. Test

H0:μ=10,H1:μ>10.H_0:\mu=10,\qquad H_1:\mu>10.

The critical value for an upper-tail test at the 2.5%2.5\% level is 1.961.96. Since the given statistic is 1.995>1.961.995>1.96, reject H0H_0.

There is sufficient evidence at the 2.5%2.5\% significance level that the population mean pencil length is greater than 10 cm10\ \text{cm}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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总体长度已经正态,不需要依靠大样本的中心极限定理来得到样本均值正态。

答题过程

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No. The population distribution of pencil lengths is normal, so the sample mean is normally distributed without using the Central Limit Theorem.