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CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 63 Q6

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2025 June Paper 63 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

A random variable XX has probability density function given by

f(x)={ax0≤x≤b,0otherwise,f(x)= \begin{cases} ax & 0\le x\le b,\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}, \end{cases}

where aa and bb are constants.

(a) Show that a=2b2a=\frac{2}{b^2}.

(3)

(b) Show that P(X<E(X))=49\mathrm{P}(X<\mathrm{E}(X))=\frac49.

(6)
题目中文翻译

随机变量 XX 的概率密度函数为

f(x)={ax0≤x≤b,0其他情况,f(x)= \begin{cases} ax & 0\le x\le b,\\ 0 & \text{其他情况}, \end{cases}

其中 aa 和 bb 是常数。

(a) 证明 a=2b2a=\frac{2}{b^2}。

(3)

(b) 证明 P(X<E(X))=49\mathrm{P}(X<\mathrm{E}(X))=\frac49。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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密度总积分为一,从积分归一化推出参数关系。

答题过程

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A valid density requires b>0b>0 and

∫0bax dx= 1,[ax22]0b= 1,ab22= 1.\begin{align*} \int_0^b ax\,\mathrm{d}x=&\,1,\\[4mm] \bigg[\frac{ax^2}{2}\bigg]_0^b=&\,1,\\[4mm] \frac{ab^2}{2}=&\,1. \end{align*}

Therefore a=2b2\boxed{a=\frac2{b^2}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先积分求期望 2b/32b/3,再把期望作为上限求左侧概率;最后所有参数消去。

答题过程

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Using part (a), f(x)=2x/b2f(x)=2x/b^2 on [0,b][0,b]. Hence

E(X)= 2b2∫0bx2 dx= 2b2[x33]0b= 2b3.\begin{align*} \mathrm E(X) =&\,\frac2{b^2}\int_0^b x^2\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] =&\,\frac2{b^2}\bigg[\frac{x^3}{3}\bigg]_0^b\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{2b}{3}. \end{align*}

Since 0<2b/3<b0<2b/3<b,

 P(X<E(X))= 2b2∫02b/3x dx= 2b2[x22]02b/3= 2b2(2b29)= 49.\begin{align*} &\,\mathrm P(X<\mathrm E(X))\\[4mm] =&\,\frac2{b^2}\int_0^{2b/3}x\,\mathrm{d}x\\[4mm] =&\,\frac2{b^2}\bigg[\frac{x^2}{2}\bigg]_0^{2b/3}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac2{b^2}\bigg(\frac{2b^2}{9}\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac49}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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期望的计算沿用前一解法;求其左侧概率时,也可直接利用密度下三角形的面积或相似比。

答题过程

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The expectation calculation above gives E(X)=2b/3\mathrm E(X)=2b/3. The graph of f(x)=axf(x)=ax is a straight line through the origin.

The full area under the density is a triangle of base bb and height abab. The area to the left of 2b/32b/3 is a similar triangle with both base and height multiplied by 2/32/3.

Its area is therefore (2/3)2(2/3)^2 times the total area, which is 11. Thus

P(X<E(X))= (23)2= 49.\begin{align*} \mathrm P(X<\mathrm E(X))=&\,\bigg(\frac23\bigg)^2\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac49}. \end{align*}