题目
A firm makes a certain type of battery-powered toy. The battery life is denoted by hours and the population mean of is supposed to be . The Quality Control department wished to test whether the population mean of is actually less than . They tested a random sample of of these toys and found that the sample mean, , was .
(a) State suitable null and alternative hypotheses for the test.
You may assume that the standard deviation of the battery life is hours.
(b) Show that the value leads to rejection of the null hypothesis at the significance level.
(c) It is given that the value leads to rejection of the null hypothesis at the significance level.
Find the set of possible values of .
题目中文翻译
一家公司生产某种用电池供电的玩具。用 小时表示电池使用寿命, 的总体均值应为 。质量管理部门想检验 的总体均值是否实际上小于 。他们随机抽取 个这种玩具进行测试,发现样本均值 为 。
(a) 写出该检验适用的原假设与备择假设。
可以假设电池使用寿命的标准差为 小时。
(b) 证明在 的显著性水平下, 会使原假设被拒绝。
(c) 已知在 的显著性水平下, 会使原假设被拒绝。
求 的所有可能取值组成的集合。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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总体平均寿命降低对应左尾备择。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean battery life, in hours. Suitable hypotheses are
(b)
解法一
思路
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用大样本均值的正态近似,将观察值标准化并比较左尾临界值。
答题过程
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Under , the Central Limit Theorem gives . The statistic is
The lower-tail critical value is . Since , the observation lies in the critical region, so .
(c)
解法一
思路
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单侧尾概率给出拒绝门槛;百分数参数需要乘以一百。
答题过程
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The observed lower-tail probability is
Using the convention that a result on the critical boundary is rejected, rejection occurs when . Thus, for the usual significance percentages ,
Here
The lower threshold is approximately , with the comparison made using the unrounded tail probability.