题目
In the work done by a typesetting department, incorrect characters appear randomly and independently at a constant average rate of incorrect characters per pages.
(a) A book that is typeset in the department contains pages. The number of incorrect characters in the book is denoted by .
(i) State the distribution of , including the values of any parameters.
(ii) State an appropriate approximating distribution for , including the values of any parameters.
Justify your choice of approximating distribution.
(iii) Use your approximating distribution to find .
(b) Another book that is typeset in the department contains pages. The probability that the book contains fewer than incorrect characters is less than .
Use an approximating distribution to find the largest possible value of .
题目中文翻译
在某排版部门的工作中,错字随机且相互独立地出现,平均速率恒为每 页 个错字。
(a) 该部门排版的一本书有 页。用 表示这本书中的错字数。
(i) 写出 的分布及其参数的值。
(ii) 写出 的一个合适的近似分布及其参数的值。
说明选择这个近似分布的理由。
(iii) 用你选取的近似分布求 。
(b) 该部门排版的另一本书有 页。这本书的错字数少于 的概率小于 。
用近似分布求 的最大可能值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
官方原题:(b) 要求求 的最大可能值。
实际上应为:在题设条件下,页数越多,错字数少于 的概率越小,因此满足条件的页数没有最大值。官方评分标准使用近似分布求的是最小页数。
本页保留官方英文与忠实翻译。
解答
(a)(i)
解法一
思路
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错误随机、独立且平均速率恒定,适用 Poisson 分布;参数按页数比例放大。
答题过程
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The mean number of incorrect characters in pages is . Since the errors occur randomly and independently at a constant average rate,
(a)(ii)
解法一
思路
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Poisson 参数较大时可用正态近似,近似正态的均值和方差都等于该参数。
答题过程
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An appropriate approximation is
This is suitable because the Poisson mean is , which is greater than .
(a)(iii)
解法一
思路
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是至少 ,所以连续性修正的边界在 ,不是 。
答题过程
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Let . Using a continuity correction,