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CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 61 Q4

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2026 June Paper 61 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The score on one spin of a 5-sided spinner is denoted by the random variable XX with probability distribution as shown in the table.

xx1122334455
P(X=x)\mathrm{P}(X=x)0.10.10.30.30.40.40.10.10.10.1

(a) Show that E(X)=2.8\mathrm{E}(X)=2.8.

(1)

It is given that Var⁡(X)=1.16\operatorname{Var}(X)=1.16.

The spinner is spun 300300 times. The score on each spin is noted and the mean, X‾\overline{X}, of the 300300 scores is found.

(b) Given that P(2.8−k<X‾<2.8+k)=0.2\mathrm{P}(2.8-k<\overline{X}<2.8+k)=0.2, find the value of kk.

(4)

(c) Explain why it was necessary to use the Central Limit Theorem in your answer to 4(b).

(1)

(d) For another similar spinner, it is claimed that E(X)=2.8\mathrm{E}(X)=2.8. Fred suspects that this value is incorrect. The spinner is spun 300300 times, and the mean of the 300300 scores is found to be 2.922.92.

Given that the variance of the score on one spin of this spinner is also 1.161.16, test Fred’s suspicion at the 5%5\% significance level.

(5)
题目中文翻译

用随机变量 XX 表示一个五面陀螺转动一次所得的分数,其概率分布如下表所示。

xx1122334455
P(X=x)\mathrm{P}(X=x)0.10.10.30.30.40.40.10.10.10.1

(a) 证明 E(X)=2.8\mathrm{E}(X)=2.8。

(1)

已知 Var⁡(X)=1.16\operatorname{Var}(X)=1.16。

将陀螺转动 300300 次。记录每次的得分,并求出这 300300 个分数的平均值 X‾\overline{X}。

(b) 已知 P(2.8−k<X‾<2.8+k)=0.2\mathrm{P}(2.8-k<\overline{X}<2.8+k)=0.2,求 kk 的值。

(4)

(c) 解释为什么在回答 4(b) 时有必要使用中心极限定理。

(1)

(d) 对于另一个类似的陀螺,有人声称 E(X)=2.8\mathrm{E}(X)=2.8。Fred 怀疑这个值不正确。将陀螺转动 300300 次,所得的 300300 个分数的平均值为 2.922.92。

已知这个陀螺转动一次所得分数的方差也是 1.161.16,在 5%5\% 的显著性水平下检验 Fred 的猜测。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

离散变量的期望是每个分数与其概率乘积的总和,必须展示算式来推出给定答案。

答题过程

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Using E(X)=∑xP(X=x)\mathrm E(X)=\sum x\mathrm P(X=x),

E(X)= 1(0.1)+2(0.3)+3(0.4)+4(0.1)+5(0.1)= 0.1+0.6+1.2+0.4+0.5= 2.8.\begin{align*} \mathrm E(X) =&\,1(0.1)+2(0.3)+3(0.4)+4(0.1)+5(0.1)\\[4mm] =&\,0.1+0.6+1.2+0.4+0.5\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{2.8}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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先用中心极限定理写出样本均值的近似分布。中央概率只有 0.20.2,所以上端的累计概率是 0.60.6。

答题过程

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By the Central Limit Theorem, for 300300 independent spins,

X‾≈N(2.8,1.16300).\overline X\approx\mathrm N\bigg(2.8,\frac{1.16}{300}\bigg).

Put s=1.16/300s=\sqrt{1.16/300}. By symmetry,

P(−k/s<Z<k/s)= 0.2,2Φ(k/s)−1= 0.2,Φ(k/s)= 0.6.\begin{align*} \mathrm P(-k/s<Z<k/s)=&\,0.2,\\[4mm] 2\Phi(k/s)-1=&\,0.2,\\[4mm] \Phi(k/s)=&\,0.6. \end{align*}

Hence k/s=Φ−1(0.6)≈0.253347k/s=\Phi^{-1}(0.6)\approx0.253347, and

k=0.2533471.16300≈0.0158.\boxed{k=0.253347\sqrt{\frac{1.16}{300}}\approx0.0158}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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单次分数只有五个可能值,不能说它本身服从正态分布。正态近似的依据来自大量独立样本的均值。

答题过程

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The population distribution of XX, the score on one spin, is discrete and is not normal. The Central Limit Theorem is therefore needed to justify approximating the distribution of the mean of the 300300 scores by a normal distribution.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

怀疑均值“不正确”意味着双侧检验。标准化时用样本均值的标准差,结论只能说证据是否充分。

答题过程

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Let μ\mu be the population mean score of the other spinner. Test

H0:μ=2.8,H1:μ≠2.8.H_0:\mu=2.8,\qquad H_1:\mu\ne2.8.

Under H0H_0, the mean of 300300 independent scores is approximately N(2.8,1.16/300)\mathrm N(2.8,1.16/300). The test statistic is

z=2.92−2.81.16/300≈1.930.z=\frac{2.92-2.8}{\sqrt{1.16/300}}\approx1.930.

For a two-tailed test at the 5%5\% significance level, the critical values are ±1.96\pm1.96. Since ∣1.930∣<1.96|1.930|<1.96, do not reject H0H_0.

There is insufficient evidence at the 5%5\% level that the population mean score has changed from 2.82.8, so Fred’s suspicion is not supported.