题目
The score on one spin of a 5-sided spinner is denoted by the random variable with probability distribution as shown in the table.
(a) Show that .
It is given that .
The spinner is spun times. The score on each spin is noted and the mean, , of the scores is found.
(b) Given that , find the value of .
(c) Explain why it was necessary to use the Central Limit Theorem in your answer to 4(b).
(d) For another similar spinner, it is claimed that . Fred suspects that this value is incorrect. The spinner is spun times, and the mean of the scores is found to be .
Given that the variance of the score on one spin of this spinner is also , test Fred’s suspicion at the significance level.
题目中文翻译
用随机变量 表示一个五面陀螺转动一次所得的分数,其概率分布如下表所示。
(a) 证明 。
已知 。
将陀螺转动 次。记录每次的得分,并求出这 个分数的平均值 。
(b) 已知 ,求 的值。
(c) 解释为什么在回答 4(b) 时有必要使用中心极限定理。
(d) 对于另一个类似的陀螺,有人声称 。Fred 怀疑这个值不正确。将陀螺转动 次,所得的 个分数的平均值为 。
已知这个陀螺转动一次所得分数的方差也是 ,在 的显著性水平下检验 Fred 的猜测。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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离散变量的期望是每个分数与其概率乘积的总和,必须展示算式来推出给定答案。
答题过程
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Using ,
(b)
解法一
思路
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先用中心极限定理写出样本均值的近似分布。中央概率只有 ,所以上端的累计概率是 。
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By the Central Limit Theorem, for independent spins,
Put . By symmetry,
Hence , and
(c)
解法一
思路
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单次分数只有五个可能值,不能说它本身服从正态分布。正态近似的依据来自大量独立样本的均值。
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The population distribution of , the score on one spin, is discrete and is not normal. The Central Limit Theorem is therefore needed to justify approximating the distribution of the mean of the scores by a normal distribution.
(d)
解法一
思路
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怀疑均值“不正确”意味着双侧检验。标准化时用样本均值的标准差,结论只能说证据是否充分。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean score of the other spinner. Test
Under , the mean of independent scores is approximately . The test statistic is
For a two-tailed test at the significance level, the critical values are . Since , do not reject .
There is insufficient evidence at the level that the population mean score has changed from , so Fred’s suspicion is not supported.