题目
It is known that, on average, in plants of a certain variety have a particular disease. A random sample of plants of this variety is selected, and the number of plants with the disease is denoted by .
(a) State the exact distribution of .
(b) State an appropriate approximating distribution for .
(c) Use your approximating distribution to find the probability that more than plants in the sample have the disease.
Diseased plants occur at random and independently. Each day a scientist examines a selection of plants, and the number of diseased plants found per day is denoted by . The scientist finds that the mean of has approximately the same value every day, and this value is .
(d) Use an appropriate approximating distribution to find .
题目中文翻译
已知某品种的植物平均每 株中有 株患有某种病害。从该品种中随机抽取 株植物,用 表示其中患病的株数。
(a) 写出 的精确分布。
(b) 写出 的一个合适的近似分布。
(c) 用你选取的近似分布,求样本中患病植物超过 株的概率。
患病植物随机且相互独立地出现。一名科学家每天检查一些植物,用 表示每天发现的患病株数。科学家发现 的均值每天大致相同,均为 。
(d) 用一个合适的近似分布求 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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固定抽取 株,每株是否患病是二项试验,成功概率为 。
答题过程
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There are randomly selected plants, each with disease probability . Thus
(b)
解法一
思路
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二项分布中试验次数大、成功概率小,使用参数为 的 Poisson 近似。
答题过程
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Since is large and is small, an appropriate approximation is
(c)
解法一
思路
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“多于两株”是至少三株,使用补事件排除 三项。
答题过程
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Using the Poisson approximation,
(d)
解法一
思路
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随机独立且平均数稳定,对每天患病株数建立 Poisson 模型。参数 较大,再用正态近似并进行连续性修正。
答题过程
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Model by . Since , use the normal approximation .
With a continuity correction,