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CIE 9709 2022 November Paper 61 Q6

A Level / CIE / S2

CIE 9709 2022 Nov Paper 61 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The diagram shows the graph of the probability density function of a random variable XX that takes values between −1-1 and 33 only. It is given that the graph is symmetrical about the line x=1x=1. Between x=−1x=-1 and x=3x=3 the graph is a quadratic curve.

The random variable SS is such that E(S)=2×E(X)\mathrm{E}(S)=2\times\mathrm{E}(X) and Var(S)=Var(X)\mathrm{Var}(S)=\mathrm{Var}(X).

(a) On the grid below, sketch a quadratic graph for the probability density function of SS.

(1)

The random variable TT is such that E(T)=E(X)\mathrm{E}(T)=\mathrm{E}(X) and Var(T)=14Var(X)\mathrm{Var}(T)=\dfrac14\mathrm{Var}(X).

(b) On the grid below, sketch a quadratic graph for the probability density function of TT.

(2)

It is now given that

f(x)={332(3+2x−x2)−1≤x≤3,0otherwise.\mathrm{f}(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac3{32}(3+2x-x^2) & -1\leq x\leq3,\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases}

(c) Given that P(1−a<X<1+a)=0.5\mathrm{P}(1-a<X<1+a)=0.5, show that a3−12a+8=0a^3-12a+8=0.

(3)

(d) Hence verify that 0.69<a<0.700.69<a<0.70.

(1)
题目中文翻译

图中给出了随机变量 XX 的概率密度函数的图像。XX 只在 −1-1 与 33 之间取值。已知图像关于直线 x=1x=1 对称。在 x=−1x=-1 与 x=3x=3 之间,图像为二次曲线。

随机变量 SS 满足 E(S)=2×E(X)\mathrm{E}(S)=2\times\mathrm{E}(X) 和 Var(S)=Var(X)\mathrm{Var}(S)=\mathrm{Var}(X)。

(a) 在下方的网格上,画出 SS 的概率密度函数的二次曲线草图。

(1)

随机变量 TT 满足 E(T)=E(X)\mathrm{E}(T)=\mathrm{E}(X) 和 Var(T)=14Var(X)\mathrm{Var}(T)=\dfrac14\mathrm{Var}(X)。

(b) 在下方的网格上,画出 TT 的概率密度函数的二次曲线草图。

(2)

现已知

f(x)={332(3+2x−x2)−1≤x≤3,0其他情况。\mathrm{f}(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac3{32}(3+2x-x^2) & -1\leq x\leq3,\\ 0 & \text{其他情况。} \end{cases}

(c) 已知 P(1−a<X<1+a)=0.5\mathrm{P}(1-a<X<1+a)=0.5,证明 a3−12a+8=0a^3-12a+8=0。

(3)

(d) 由此验证 0.69<a<0.700.69<a<0.70。

(1)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

X的均值由对称性为1。把图整体右移1,均值变为2,方差不变,支撑区间变为0至4。

答题过程

展开

By symmetry, E(X)=1\mathrm{E}(X)=1. Take S=X+1S=X+1, so that

E(S)=2,Var(S)=Var(X).\mathrm{E}(S)=2,\qquad \mathrm{Var}(S)=\mathrm{Var}(X).

The required density is the original quadratic curve shifted one unit to the right. It has zeros at s=0s=0 and s=4s=4, is symmetric about s=2s=2, and has the same maximum height as the original curve.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

将变量以均值1为中心压缩为原来一半,标准差减半、方差缩为四分之一;密度高度必须加倍才能保持面积1。

答题过程

展开

Take T=1+12(X−1)T=1+\frac12(X-1). Then

E(T)=1,Var(T)=14Var(X).\mathrm{E}(T)=1,\qquad \mathrm{Var}(T)=\frac14\mathrm{Var}(X).

The required quadratic density has zeros at t=0t=0 and t=2t=2 and is symmetric about t=1t=1. Its maximum height is twice that of the original density, giving a vertex at (1,34)(1,\frac34).

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

令u等于x减1,把对称中心平移至0,密度化为3/32乘4减u平方,积分后整理。

答题过程

展开

Put u=x−1u=x-1. Then 3+2x−x2=4−u23+2x-x^2=4-u^2. Since the required probability is 0.5, 0<a<20<a<2, and

332∫−aa(4−u2) du=12.\frac3{32}\int_{-a}^a(4-u^2)\,\mathrm{d}u=\frac12.

Hence

332[4u−u33]−aa= 12,332(8a−2a33)= 12,12a−a3= 8.\begin{align*} \frac3{32}\bigg[4u-\frac{u^3}{3}\bigg]_{-a}^a=&\,\frac12,\\[4mm] \frac3{32}\bigg(8a-\frac{2a^3}{3}\bigg)=&\,\frac12,\\[4mm] 12a-a^3=&\,8. \end{align*}

Therefore a3−12a+8=0\boxed{a^3-12a+8=0}, as required.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

代入0.69与0.70显示符号改变,并说明所需范围内函数递减,夹住唯一相关根。

答题过程

展开

Let F(a)=a3−12a+8F(a)=a^3-12a+8. Then

F(0.69)= 0.048509>0,F(0.70)= −0.057<0.\begin{align*} F(0.69)=&\,0.048509>0,\\[4mm] F(0.70)=&\,-0.057<0. \end{align*}

The function is continuous, so it has a root between these values. Also F′(a)=3a2−12<0F'(a)=3a^2-12<0 for 0<a<20<a<2, so this is the unique relevant root. Hence 0.69<a<0.70\boxed{0.69<a<0.70}.