题目
Problem
The diagram shows the graph of the probability density function, f, of a random variable X which takes values between −3 and 2 only.
(a) Given that the graph is symmetrical about the line x=−0.5 and that P(X<0)=p, find P(−1<X<0) in terms of p.
(2)
(b) It is now given that the probability density function shown in the diagram is given by
f(x)={a−b(x2+x)0−3≤x≤2,otherwise,
where a and b are positive constants.
(i) Show that 30a−55b=6.
(3)
(ii) By substituting a suitable value of x into f(x), find another equation relating a and b and hence determine the values of a and b.
(3)
题目中文翻译
图中给出了随机变量 X 的概率密度函数 f 的图像。X 只在 −3 到 2 之间取值。
(a) 已知该图像关于直线 x=−0.5 对称,且 P(X<0)=p,用 p 表示 P(−1<X<0)。
(2)
(b) 现已知图中所示的概率密度函数为
f(x)={a−b(x2+x)0−3≤x≤2,其他情况,
其中 a 和 b 为正常数。
(i) 证明 30a−55b=6。
(3)
(ii) 将一个适当的 x 值代入 f(x),求另一个联系 a 和 b 的方程,并由此确定 a 和 b 的值。
(3)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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关于负0.5对称,负1左侧概率等于0右侧概率1减p。目标区间为0左侧概率减去负1左侧概率。
答题过程
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By symmetry about x=−0.5,
P(X<−1)=P(X>0)=1−p.
Therefore
P(−1<X<0)=p−(1−p)=2p−1.
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
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对完整支持区间积分归一化,代入上下限并整理成指定关系。
答题过程
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Since the total probability is 1,
∫−32(a−b(x2+x))dx=1.
Thus
==5a−655b=[ax−b(3x3+2x2)]−321,(2a−314b)−(−3a+29b)1,1.
Multiplying by 6 gives 30a−55b=6, as required.
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
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图形在端点2与横轴相交,故f(2)为0,给出a等于6b;与归一化关系联立求解。
答题过程
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From the graph, f(2)=0, so
a−b(22+2)=0⟹a=6b.
Substituting into part (i),
30(6b)−55b=6⟹125b=6.
Hence
b=1256,a=12536.