题目
The lengths, in centimetres, of worms of a certain kind are normally distributed with mean and standard deviation . An article in a magazine states that the value of is . A scientist wishes to test whether this value is correct. He measures the lengths, , of a random sample of worms of this kind and finds that . He plans to carry out a test, at the significance level, of whether the true value of is different from .
(a) State, with a reason, whether he should use a one-tailed or a two-tailed test.
(b) Carry out the test.
题目中文翻译
某种蠕虫的体长(以厘米为单位)服从均值为 、标准差为 的正态分布。一篇杂志文章称 的值为 。一名科学家想检验这一数值是否正确。他随机抽取 条这种蠕虫,测量其体长 ,得到 。他计划在 的显著性水平下检验 的真值是否与 不同。
(a) 说明他应采用单尾检验还是双尾检验,并给出理由。
(b) 进行该检验。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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科学家关心均值是否不同,既包括增大也包括减小,所以采用双尾检验。
答题过程
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A two-tailed test is appropriate because the scientist is testing for a difference from 12.7 cm in either direction.
(b)
解法一
思路
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总体正态且标准差已知,直接作双尾正态检验;1%显著性水平的每尾为0.5%。
答题过程
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Let be the population mean worm length, in centimetres.
The sample mean is . Under ,
The critical values for a two-tailed 1% test are . Since
we do not reject . There is insufficient evidence at the 1% significance level that the population mean length differs from 12.7 cm.