题目
A researcher is investigating whether the proportion of families who do not own a car in his town is different from the proportion of the population in the whole country, which is . He takes a large random sample of families in his town and finds the proportion of families that do not own a car.
(a) Explain why a two-tailed test is appropriate in this context.
(b) State suitable null and alternative hypotheses for the test.
The researcher calculates the value of the test statistic and finds that . He carries out the test at the significance level.
(c) State the conclusion of the test, explaining your answer.
题目中文翻译
一名研究人员正在调查,他所在镇没有汽车的家庭比例是否不同于全国的比例 。他在镇上随机抽取一个包含许多家庭的样本,求出其中没有汽车的家庭所占的比例。
(a) 说明为什么在此情境中适合使用双尾检验。
(b) 写出该检验适用的原假设与备择假设。
研究人员计算得到检验统计量 。他在 的显著性水平下进行检验。
(c) 写出检验结论,并说明理由。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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研究者关注任何方向的差异,并没有预先只怀疑比例增大或减小。
答题过程
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A two-tailed test is appropriate because the researcher is investigating whether the town’s proportion is different from , allowing either an increase or a decrease.
(b)
解法一
思路
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用总体不拥有汽车的家庭比例作为参数,保持研究对象与假设的方向一致。
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Let be the population proportion of families in the town that do not own a car. Suitable hypotheses are
(c)
解法一
思路
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已给检验统计量,只需与双侧 临界值比较,并给出有语境且不绝对化的结论。
答题过程
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For a two-tailed test at the level, the critical values are . Since , do not reject .
There is insufficient evidence at the significance level that the proportion of families in the town without a car differs from .