题目
Problem
The diagram shows the graph of the probability density function, f, of a random variable X. The graph is a straight line from (0,a) to (b,0) where a and b are constants. Elsewhere f(x)=0.
(a) Find an expression for b in terms of a.
(2)
(b) Given that E(X)=94 find the value of a.
(5)
(c) Using the value of a found in part (b) find the value of k such that P(X<k)=43.
(4)
题目中文翻译
图中给出随机变量 X 的概率密度函数 f 的图像。图像是从 (0,a) 到 (b,0) 的直线段,其中 a 和 b 是常数。其余各处 f(x)=0。
(a) 用 a 表示 b。
(2)
(b) 已知 E(X)=94,求 a 的值。
(5)
(c) 用 (b) 求得的 a 值,求使 P(X<k)=43 成立的 k 的值。
(4)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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总概率是三角形面积,先写出面积等于一,再求横截距。
答题过程
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The area under the density is a right triangle with base b and height a. Hence
21ab=1⟹b=a2.
(b)
解法一
思路
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用两截距确定直线密度,把(a)消去 b 后积分求期望;按已给期望反求 a。
答题过程
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The line through (0,a) and (b,0) is
f(x)=a−bax=a−2a2x.
This applies for 0≤x≤2/a.
Therefore
E(X)====∫02/a(ax−2a2x2)dx[2ax2−6a2x3]02/aa2−3a43a2.
Using E(X)=4/9,
3a2=94⟹a=23.
(c)
解法一
思路
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沿用(b)的 a 值写出密度,积分至未知分位数。二次方程的两个根必须用支持区间筛选。
答题过程
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From part (b), a=3/2 and b=2/a=4/3, so
f(x)=23−89x.
This applies for 0≤x≤4/3.
The required value of k satisfies
∫0k(23−89x)dx=23k−169k2=9k2−24k+12=3k2−8k+4=(3k−2)(k−2)=43,43,0,0,0.
Thus k=2/3 or k=2. Since k must lie within the support [0,4/3], reject 2, giving
k=32.