题目
The table below shows the least distances, in km, between six towns, A, B, C, D, E and F.
Mei must visit each town at least once. She will start and finish at A and wishes her route to minimise the total distance she will travel.
(a) Starting with the minimum spanning tree in the answer book, use the shortcut method to find an upper bound below 520 km for Mei’s route. You must state the shortcut(s) you use and the length of your upper bound.
(b) Use the nearest neighbour algorithm, starting at A, to find another upper bound for the length of Mei’s route.
(c) Starting by deleting E, and all of its arcs, find a lower bound for the length of Mei’s route. Make your method clear.
题目中文翻译
下表显示了六个城镇 A、B、C、D、E 和 F 之间的最短距离(单位:km)。
Mei 必须每个城镇至少访问一次。她将从 A 出发并回到 A,并希望她的路线最小化旅行总距离。
(a) 从答案本中的最小生成树开始,使用快捷方式找到 Mei 路线长度低于 520 km 的上界。必须说明使用的快捷方式和上界的长度。
(b) 使用最近邻算法,从 A 开始,找到 Mei 路线长度的另一个上界。
(c) 通过删除 E 及其所有弧,找到 Mei 路线长度的下界。清楚说明方法。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先把最小生成树的每条边重复一次,得到长度 km 的欧拉网络。然后用一条新边跨过已经访问过的顶点,并删去被取代的三条边;选择加入 ,同时删去 ,可把长度降到 520 km 以下。
答题过程
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Doubling every edge of the minimum spanning tree gives a connected Eulerian network of length
Use the shortcut by adding and removing , and . The resulting upper bound is
Hence an upper bound below km is
解法二
思路
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官方评分资料还给出另一组有效快捷方式:加入 ,删去 。它同样保持网络连通且各顶点度数为偶数,并给出更小的上界。
答题过程
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Again, begin with the doubled minimum spanning tree, whose length is km.
Add and remove , and . Therefore
Thus another valid upper bound is
(b)
解法一
思路
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从 出发,每一步都前往尚未访问且距离当前城镇最近的城镇;访问全部城镇后回到 。依次得到 。
答题过程
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Applying the nearest neighbour algorithm from gives
The corresponding length is
Hence the upper bound is
(c)
解法一
思路
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删除 及其所有边后,在其余五个顶点上求最小生成树。再把连接 的两条最短边加回;任何完整巡回都必须至少用两条边连接被删除的顶点,因此所得总长度是下界。
答题过程
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After deleting , a minimum spanning tree on consists of
Its length is
The two shortest edges incident to are
Therefore the lower bound is
Hence the required lower bound is