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IAL 2020 Oct D1 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / D1

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The graph in Figure 2 is being used to solve a linear programming problem in xx and yy. The three constraints have been drawn on the graph and the rejected regions have been shaded out. The three vertices of the feasible region RR are labelled AA, BB and CC.

(a) Determine the inequalities that define RR.

(2)

The objective function, PP, is given by P=ax+byP = ax + by

where aa and bb are positive constants.

The minimum value of PP is 8 and the maximum value of PP occurs at CC.

(b) Find the range of possible values of aa. You must make your method clear.

(5)
题目中文翻译

图 2 中的图正用于解 xxyy 的线性规划问题。三个约束已画在图上,被拒绝的区域已阴影标出。可行域 RR 的三个顶点标记为 AABBCC

(a) 确定定义 RR 的不等式。

目标函数 PPP=ax+byP = ax + by 给出

其中 aabb 是正常数。

PP 的最小值为 8,PP 的最大值出现在 CC 处。

(b) 找到 aa 的可能取值范围。必须清楚说明方法。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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逐条观察可行域 RR 位于边界线的哪一侧。图中被阴影排除的方向与 RR 相反,因此分别选取 RR 内一点代入三条边界式,即可确定不等号方向。

答题过程

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From the position of the feasible region relative to each boundary line,

4y7x+8,\boxed{4y\leq7x+8}, 4yx+8,\boxed{4y\geq x+8},

and

3x+4y24.\boxed{3x+4y\leq24}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先用最小值 8 所在的顶点 A=(0,2)A=(0,2) 求出 bb。最大值只需比较东北侧相邻顶点 B,CB,C:先联立两条边界求出 BB,再要求 P(C)>P(B)P(C)>P(B)。由于 a,ba,b 都为正,CC 的目标值自动大于 AA,无需另加限制。

答题过程

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The minimum occurs at A=(0,2)A=(0,2) and has value 88. Therefore

2b=8,2b=8,

so

b=4.b=4.

Vertex BB is the intersection of

4y=7x+84y=7x+8

and

3x+4y=24.3x+4y=24.

Substituting 4y=7x+84y=7x+8 into the second equation gives

3x+7x+8=24,3x+7x+8=24,

so

x=85,x=\frac85,

and hence

y=245.y=\frac{24}{5}.

Thus

B=(85,245),B=\bigg(\frac85,\frac{24}{5}\bigg),

while C=(4,3)C=(4,3). Using b=4b=4,

P(B)=85a+965P(B)=\frac85a+\frac{96}{5}

and

P(C)=4a+12.P(C)=4a+12.

For the maximum to occur at CC rather than BB,

4a+12>85a+965.4a+12>\frac85a+\frac{96}{5}.

Multiplying by 55 and simplifying,

20a+60>8a+96,20a+60>8a+96,

so

12a>36.12a>36.

Therefore

a>3.\boxed{a>3}.

解法二

思路

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官方替代路线使用目标线斜率。先同样由顶点 AA 求出 b=4b=4。要使目标函数沿可行域的上边界移动到 CC 时继续增大,目标线必须比边 BCBC 更陡;比较两条直线的斜率即可得到 aa 的范围。

答题过程

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As above, the minimum value at A=(0,2)A=(0,2) gives

b=4.b=4.

The boundary through BB and CC is

3x+4y=24,3x+4y=24,

or

y=34x+6,y=-\frac34x+6,

so its gradient is 34-\frac34.

An objective line has equation

ax+4y=P,ax+4y=P,

or

y=a4x+P4,y=-\frac{a}{4}x+\frac{P}{4},

and therefore has gradient a4-\frac{a}{4}.

For the maximum to occur at CC rather than anywhere along BCBC, the objective line must have the steeper negative gradient:

a4<34.-\frac{a}{4}<-\frac34.

Multiplying by 4-4 reverses the inequality, giving

a>3.\boxed{a>3}.