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IAL 2020 Oct D1 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / D1

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

Figure 3 represents a network of roads. The number on each arc represents the time taken, in minutes, to drive along the corresponding road.

[The total weight of the network is 205+3x205 + 3x]

Malcolm wishes to minimise the time spent driving from his home at A to his office at H. The delays from roadworks on two of the roads leading in to H vary daily, and so the time taken to drive along these roads is expressed in terms of xx, where xx is fixed for any given day and x>0x > 0.

(a) Use Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the possible routes that minimise the driving time from A to H. State the length of each route, leaving your answer in terms of xx where necessary.

(7)

On Monday, Malcolm needs to check each road. He must travel along each road at least once. He must start and finish at H and minimise the total time taken for his inspection route.

Malcolm finds that his minimum duration inspection route requires him to traverse exactly four roads twice and the total time it takes to complete his inspection route is 307 minutes.

(b) Calculate the minimum time taken for Malcolm to travel from A to H on Monday. You must make your method and working clear.

(4)
题目中文翻译

图 3 表示一个道路网络。每条弧上的数字表示沿对应道路行驶所需的时间(单位:分钟)。

[网络总权重为 205+3x205 + 3x]

Malcolm 希望最小化从家 A 到办公室 H 的驾驶时间。通往 H 的两条道路上的道路工程延误每天不同,因此沿这些道路行驶的时间用 xx 表示,其中 xx 在任何给定日期是固定的且 x>0x > 0

(a) 使用 Dijkstra 算法找到最小化从 A 到 H 驾驶时间的可能路线。写出每条路线的长度,必要时保留 xx 的表达式。

周一,Malcolm 需要检查每条道路。他必须每条道路至少经过一次。他必须从 H 开始并结束,并最小化检查路线所需的总时间。

Malcolm 发现他的最小持续时间检查路线要求他恰好四条道路经过两次,完成检查路线的总时间为 307 分钟。

(b) 计算 Malcolm 周一从 A 到 H 所需的最短时间。必须清楚说明方法和计算过程。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先对不含 xx 的部分执行 Dijkstra 算法,严格按产生顺序保留每个工作值。由于进入 HH 的三条边分别来自 D,E,GD,E,G,而其中两条权重含 xx,不能在不知道 xx 时确定唯一永久标号;因此分别由 D,E,GD,E,G 的最终值计算到达 HH 的三个候选值,并反向追踪相应路线。

答题过程

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Applying Dijkstra’s algorithm from AA gives:

VertexOrder of permanent labelWorking valuesFinal value
AA110000
BB2210101010
DD3320,1820,181818
CC4422,21,2022,21,202020
EE5525,2325,232323
FF6629,2729,272727
GG7736363636

The three possible working values at HH are obtained through DD, EE and GG.

Via DD:

18+52=70,18+52=70,

giving the route

ABDHwith length 70.\boxed{A-B-D-H\quad\text{with length }70}.

Via EE:

23+(14+2x)=37+2x,23+(14+2x)=37+2x,

giving the route

ABDEHwith length 37+2x.\boxed{A-B-D-E-H\quad\text{with length }37+2x}.

Via GG:

36+(15+x)=51+x,36+(15+x)=51+x,

giving the route

ABDEGHwith length 51+x.\boxed{A-B-D-E-G-H\quad\text{with length }51+x}.

Thus the minimum driving time for a given positive xx is the least of

70,37+2x,51+x.70,\qquad37+2x,\qquad51+x.

(b)

解法一

思路

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原网络只有 A,HA,H 是奇点。要从 HH 出发并回到 HH 完成闭合路线,必须把一条 AAHH 的最短路径重复。题目说明恰好四条道路被重复,因此三条候选路线中只能选择含四条边的 ABDEHA-B-D-E-H;将其长度加到网络总权重并令总和为 307,即可求出周一的 xx

答题过程

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The only odd vertices in the original network are AA and HH. Therefore a minimum closed inspection route must repeat a shortest path from AA to HH.

Exactly four roads are traversed twice, so the repeated path is

ABDEH,A-B-D-E-H,

whose length is 37+2x37+2x.

The total inspection time is therefore

(205+3x)+(37+2x)=307.(205+3x)+(37+2x)=307.

Hence

5x+242=307,5x+242=307,

so

x=13.x=13.

For this value of xx, the three possible journey times from part (a) are

70,37+2(13)=63,51+13=64.70,\qquad37+2(13)=63,\qquad51+13=64.

Therefore the minimum time taken from AA to HH on Monday is

63 minutes.\boxed{63\text{ minutes}}.