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D1 2021 June Q6

A Level / Edexcel / D1

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

ActivityImmediately preceding activities
A–
B–
C–
DA
EA
FA, B, C
GC
HG
ID, E, F, H
JI
KI
LI
ML

(a) Draw the activity network for the project described in the precedence table above, using activity on arc and the minimum number of dummies.

(5)

(b) State which activity is guaranteed to be critical, giving a reason for your answer.

(2)

It is given that each activity in the table takes two hours to complete.

(c) State the minimum completion time and write down the critical path for the project.

(2)
题目中文翻译
活动紧前活动
A–
B–
C–
DA
EA
FA, B, C
GC
HG
ID, E, F, H
JI
KI
LI
ML

(a) 使用弧表示活动和最少数量的虚活动,画出上面优先级表中描述的项目的活动网络。

(b) 写出保证是关键活动的活动,并给出理由。

已知表中每项活动需要两小时完成。

(c) 写出最小完成时间并写出项目的关键路径。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先从起点画出没有紧前活动的 A,B,CA,B,C。为了让 FF 同时等待 A,B,CA,B,C,需要用两个虚活动把三条先后关系汇合,同时保留 D,ED,E 只等待 AA、GG 只等待 CC 的关系。

D,E,F,HD,E,F,H 必须在 II 开始前汇合。DD 与 EE 都在 AA 后开始,但两项活动不能用同起点、同终点的两条弧表示,因此让 DD 先到一个独立事件,再用第三个虚活动接入 II 前的汇合点。最后,J,K,MJ,K,M 都要通向唯一终点;为区分同在 II 后开始的 JJ 与 KK,让 JJ 先到一个独立事件,再用第四个虚活动接入共同终点。因此最少共需四个虚活动。

等价画法可以交换 D,ED,E 或交换 J,KJ,K,也可以把用于区分 D,ED,E 的虚活动放在 DD 之前,把用于区分 J,KJ,K 的虚活动放在 JJ 之前,或同时作这些调整。末端虚活动也可反向连接,并把另一端作为唯一终点,使所有末端活动仍汇入同一终点。这些安排均须保留原优先关系,不能让原本可同时开始的活动互相等待。

答题过程

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Draw AA, BB and CC from the unique start event. Use dummy activities to merge the ends of AA, BB and CC before FF begins.

Activities DD and EE begin after AA, while GG begins after CC and HH begins after GG. The ends of DD, EE, FF and HH are then merged before II begins.

To distinguish DD and EE, let DD end at a separate event and use a third dummy to join that event to the merge event before II.

After II, activities JJ, KK and LL begin. Activity MM follows LL, and the ends of JJ, KK and MM are joined at one finish event.

To distinguish JJ and KK, let JJ end at a separate event and use a fourth dummy to join it to the common finish event.

The completed activity-on-arc network, using the minimum of four dummy activities, is:

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

判断“保证关键”不能只看某一条最长路线,而要寻找所有从起点到终点的路径都必经的活动。网络在 II 前汇合、在 II 后分支,所以任何完整路径都必须经过 II。

答题过程

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Activity II is guaranteed to be critical because every path from the source event to the sink event contains II.

Therefore the required activity is

I.\boxed{I}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

每项活动都用 2 小时,因此只需找包含活动数最多的起点到终点路径。经过 C,G,HC,G,H 到达 II 的路线最长;在 II 后,经过 L,ML,M 的分支最长,所以关键活动依次是 CC、GG、HH、II、LL、MM。

答题过程

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The longest path through the network is

C−G−H−I−L−M.C-G-H-I-L-M.

It contains six activities, each of duration 22 hours. Hence the minimum completion time is

6×2=12 hours.6\times2=\boxed{12\text{ hours}}.

The critical path is therefore

C,G,H,I,L,M.\boxed{C,G,H,I,L,M}.