题目
Figure 3 models a network of cycle lanes that must be inspected. The number on each arc represents the length, in km, of the corresponding cycle lane. Lance needs to cycle along each lane at least once and wishes to minimise the length of his inspection route.
[The total weight of the network is 166]
He must start and finish at A.
(a) Use an appropriate algorithm to find the length of the route. State the cycle lanes that Lance will need to traverse twice. You should make your method and working clear.
(b) State the number of times that vertex C appears in Lance’s route.
It is now decided that the inspection route may finish at any vertex. Lance will still start at A and must cycle along each lane at least once.
(c) Determine the finishing point so that the length of the route is minimised. You must give reasons for your answer and state the length of this new minimum route.
题目中文翻译
图 3 模拟了一个需要检查的自行车道网络。每条弧上的数字表示对应自行车道的长度(单位:km)。Lance 需要每条车道至少经过一次,并希望最小化检查路线的长度。
[网络总权重为 166]
他必须从 A 出发并回到 A。
(a) 使用适当的算法找到路线的长度。写出 Lance 需要经过两次的自行车道。应清楚说明方法和计算过程。
(b) 写出顶点 C 在 Lance 路线中出现的次数。
现在决定检查路线可以在任何顶点结束。Lance 仍然从 A 开始,必须每条车道至少经过一次。
(c) 确定结束点以使路线长度最短。必须给出理由并写出此新最小路线的长度。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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这是闭合的中国邮递员问题。先找出奇度顶点 A、C、D、E,再比较它们的三种配对方式。每一对都取两点间的最短路径,选择额外总权重最小的配对;把这些路径上的弧重复一次后,所有顶点均为偶度。
答题过程
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The odd vertices are A, C, D and E. The three possible pairings are:
The minimum pairing is . The corresponding shortest paths are AD and C-G-H-E, so the repeated arcs are
The minimum route length is
(b)
解法一
思路
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原网络中 C 的度数为 5;最短邮递员路线还会重复 CG,使 C 的度数增加 1,成为 6。在欧拉回路中,每次到达 C 都要沿另一条边离开,因此 C 出现的次数为 。
答题过程
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Vertex C has degree in the original network. Since CG is repeated, its degree in the augmented network is .
Therefore vertex C appears
(c)
解法一
思路
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路线固定从奇度顶点 A 出发。若终点选为另一个奇度顶点,则 A 和该终点可以保持奇度,只需把其余两个奇度顶点连接起来。分别比较终点为 C、D、E 时需要重复的最短路径;其中不经过 A 的 C-D 最短路径权重最小,所以终点应为 E。
答题过程
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The possible additional paths not involving A are:
| Finishing vertex | Remaining pair | Shortest path | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | D and E | D-G-H-E | |
| D | C and E | C-G-H-E | |
| E | C and D | C-G-D |
The shortest of these is C-G-D, with weight . Thus CG and GD are repeated and the route finishes at
The new minimum route length is