题目
Problem
A linear programming problem in x and y is described as follows.
Maximise P=kx+y, where k is a constant
subject to:
3y≥x
x+2y≤130
4x+y≥100
4x+3y≤300
(a) Add lines and shading to Diagram 1 in the answer book to represent these constraints. Hence determine the feasible region and label it R.
(4)
(b) For the case when k=0.8
(i) use the objective line method to find the optimal vertex, V, of the feasible region. You must draw and label your objective line and label vertex V clearly.
(ii) calculate the coordinates of V and hence calculate the corresponding value of P at V.
(5)
Given that for a different value of k, V is not the optimal vertex of R,
(c) determine the range of possible values for k. You must make your method and working clear.
(4)
题目中文翻译
x 和 y 的线性规划问题描述如下。
最大化 P=kx+y,其中 k 是常数
约束条件:
3y≥x
x+2y≤130
4x+y≥100
4x+3y≤300
(a) 在答案本的图 1 上添加线条和阴影来表示这些约束条件。由此确定可行域并标注为 R。
(b) 对于 k=0.8 的情况
(i) 使用目标线法找到可行域的最优顶点 V。必须画出并标注目标线,并清楚标注顶点 V。
(ii) 计算 V 的坐标,由此计算 V 处相应的 P 值。
已知对于不同的 k 值,V 不是 R 的最优顶点,
(c) 确定 k 的可能取值范围。必须清楚说明方法和计算过程。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先把四个不等式改写成边界直线,并利用两组截距画线。然后逐一判断不等式所要求的半平面:3y≥x 取直线 3y=x 上方,x+2y≤130 与 4x+3y≤300 取各自直线下方,4x+y≥100 取直线上方。四个半平面的交集就是可行域 R。
答题过程
展开
Draw the four boundary lines using the following points:
| Boundary line | Two points on the line |
|---|
| 3y=x | (0,0) and (60,20) |
| x+2y=130 | (0,65) and (130,0) |
| 4x+y=100 | (0,100) and (25,0) |
| 4x+3y=300 | (0,100) and (75,0) |
The feasible region is above 3y=x and 4x+y=100, and below x+2y=130 and 4x+3y=300.
(b)(i)
解法一
思路
展开
当 k=0.8 时,目标线为 0.8x+y=P,斜率是 −0.8。先画任意一条这种斜率的直线,再保持平行向使 P 增大的方向移动;最后接触可行域的顶点就是最优顶点 V。
答题过程
展开
For k=0.8, an objective line has equation
0.8x+y=P
and gradient −0.8. Moving this line parallel in the direction of increasing P, its final point of contact with R is the intersection of
x+2y=130and4x+3y=300.
This vertex is labelled V.
(b)(ii)
解法一
思路
展开
由 (b)(i),V 是直线 x+2y=130 与 4x+3y=300 的交点。联立求出坐标后,代入 P=0.8x+y。
答题过程
展开
At V,
x+2y=4x+3y=130,300.
Multiplying the first equation by 4 and subtracting the second gives
5y=220,
so y=44. Hence
x=130−2(44)=42.
Therefore
V=(42,44).
The corresponding value of P is
P=0.8(42)+44=77.6.
(c)
解法一
思路
展开
采用顶点值比较。与 V=(42,44) 相邻、可能在目标线转动后取代它的顶点是 (10,60) 和 (60,20)。分别令这两个顶点的目标值严格大于 V 的目标值,便得到 V 不再最优的两个范围。严格不等号很重要,因为临界值处 V 仍是最优点之一。
答题过程
展开
At V=(42,44),
PV=42k+44.
For (10,60) to give a greater value than V,
10k+60>16>k<42k+4432k21.
For (60,20) to give a greater value than V,
60k+20>18k>k>42k+442434.
Hence V is not the optimal vertex when
k<21ork>34.
解法二
思路
展开
采用目标线斜率比较。顶点 V 两侧边界的斜率分别为 −21 与 −34,而目标线 kx+y=P 的斜率为 −k。当目标线斜率处于这两个边界斜率之间时,V 是最优顶点;所以题目所求是这个闭区间之外的 k。
答题过程
展开
The two boundary lines meeting at V are
x+2y=130and4x+3y=300,
with gradients −21 and −34, respectively. The objective line
kx+y=P
has gradient −k. Vertex V is optimal when
−34≤−k≤−21,
that is, when
21≤k≤34.
Therefore V is not optimal when
k<21ork>34.