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IAL 2024 Jan D1 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / D1

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

A farmer has 100 acres of land available that can be used for planting three crops: A, B and C.

It takes 2 hours to plant each acre of crop A, 1.5 hours to plant each acre of crop B and 45 minutes to plant each acre of crop C. The farmer has 138 hours available for planting.

At least one quarter of the total crops planted must be crop A.

For every three acres of crop B planted, at most five acres of crop C will be planted.

The farmer expects a profit of £160 for each acre of crop A planted, £75 for each acre of crop B planted and £125 for each acre of crop C planted.

The farmer wishes to maximise the profit from planting these three crops.

Let xx, yy and zz represent the number of acres of land used for planting crop A, crop B, and crop C respectively.

(a) Formulate this information as a linear programming problem. State the objective, and list the constraints as simplified inequalities with integer coefficients.

(6)

The farmer decides that all 100 acres of available land will be used for planting the three crops.

(b) Explain why the maximum total profit is achieved when 7x+10y-7x + 10y is minimised.

(2)

The farmer’s decision to use all 100 acres reduces the constraints of the problem to the following:

x25x \geq 25 3x+8y3003x + 8y \geq 300 x+y100x + y \leq 100 5x+3y2525x + 3y \leq 252 y0y \geq 0

(c) Represent these constraints on Diagram 1 in the answer book. Hence determine, and label, the feasible region, RR.

(4)

(d) (i) Determine the exact coordinates of each of the vertices of RR.

(ii) Apply the vertex method to determine how the 100 acres should be used for planting the three crops.

(iii) Hence find the corresponding maximum expected profit.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一位农民有 100 英亩土地可用于种植三种作物:A、B 和 C。

种植每英亩作物 A 需要 2 小时,种植每英亩作物 B 需要 1.5 小时,种植每英亩作物 C 需要 45 分钟。农民有 138 小时可用于种植。

种植的作物中至少四分之一必须是作物 A。

每种植 3 英亩作物 B,最多种植 5 英亩作物 C。

农民期望每英亩作物 A 的利润为 £160,每英亩作物 B 为 £75,每英亩作物 C 为 £125。

农民希望最大化种植这三种作物的利润。

xxyyzz 分别表示用于种植作物 A、作物 B 和作物 C 的土地英亩数。

(a) 将此信息表述为线性规划问题。说明目标,并列出简化为整数系数不等式的约束条件。

农民决定将所有 100 英亩可用土地用于种植三种作物。

(b) 解释为什么最大化总利润等价于最小化 7x+10y-7x + 10y

农民使用所有 100 英亩的决定将问题的约束条件简化为以下内容:

x25x \geq 25 3x+8y3003x + 8y \geq 300 x+y100x + y \leq 100 5x+3y2525x + 3y \leq 252 y0y \geq 0

(c) 在答案本的图 1 上表示这些约束条件。由此确定并标注可行域 RR

(d) (i) 确定 RR 的每个顶点的确切坐标。

(ii) 应用顶点法确定如何使用这 100 英亩土地种植三种作物。

(iii) 由此找到相应的最大预期利润。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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利润给出目标函数。土地总量、种植时间、作物 A 的最低比例和作物 B、C 的比例分别转化为约束,再化成整数系数;最后补上三个变量的非负约束。

答题过程

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Let the total profit be PP. The objective is

maximiseP=160x+75y+125z.\text{maximise}\quad P=160x+75y+125z.

The land constraint is

x+y+z100.x+y+z\leq100.

Since at least one quarter of the planted area is crop A,

x14(x+y+z)3xyz0.\begin{aligned} x\geq&\,\frac14(x+y+z)\\ 3x-y-z\geq&\,0. \end{aligned}

The condition relating crops B and C gives

3z5y.3z\leq5y.

Converting 45 minutes to 34\frac34 hour, the planting-time constraint is

2x+32y+34z1388x+6y+3z552.\begin{aligned} 2x+\frac32y+\frac34z\leq&\,138\\ 8x+6y+3z\leq&\,552. \end{aligned}

Therefore the complete linear programming formulation is

maximiseP=160x+75y+125z,subject tox+y+z100,3xyz0,3z5y,8x+6y+3z552,x0,y0,z0.\boxed{ \begin{aligned} \text{maximise}\quad P=&\,160x+75y+125z,\\ \text{subject to}\quad x+y+z\leq&\,100,\\ 3x-y-z\geq&\,0,\\ 3z\leq&\,5y,\\ 8x+6y+3z\leq&\,552,\\ x\geq&\,0,\\ y\geq&\,0,\\ z\geq&\,0. \end{aligned}}

(b)

解法一

思路

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由全部土地均被使用,得到 z=100xyz=100-x-y。代入利润函数后,利润等于常数加上 7x+10y-7x+10y 的负倍数;常数不影响最优点,所以最大化利润等价于最小化该线性式。

答题过程

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Since all 100 acres are used,

z=100xy.z=100-x-y.

Substituting into the objective function,

P=160x+75y+125(100xy)=35x50y+12500=125005(7x+10y).\begin{aligned} P=&\,160x+75y+125(100-x-y)\\ =&\,35x-50y+12500\\ =&\,12500-5(-7x+10y). \end{aligned}

Thus maximising PP is equivalent to minimising

7x+10y.\boxed{-7x+10y}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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把四条边界直线 x=25x=253x+8y=3003x+8y=300x+y=100x+y=1005x+3y=2525x+3y=252 画在坐标图上,并根据各不等式方向取公共区域。官方评分资料提供了完成后的图,因此在此保留答案图占位。

答题过程

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Draw the boundary lines

x=25,3x+8y=300,x=25,\qquad 3x+8y=300, x+y=100,5x+3y=252,x+y=100,\qquad 5x+3y=252,

and take the common region satisfying all five inequalities, including y0y\geq0. Label this feasible region RR.

(d)(i)

解法一

思路

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可行域是三角形。两个顶点由 x=25x=25 分别与两条有效斜边相交得到;第三个顶点由 3x+8y=3003x+8y=3005x+3y=2525x+3y=252 联立求得。

答题过程

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On x=25x=25, the line 3x+8y=3003x+8y=300 gives

75+8y=300y=2258.75+8y=300 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad y=\frac{225}{8}.

Also, on x=25x=25, the line 5x+3y=2525x+3y=252 gives

125+3y=252y=1273.125+3y=252 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad y=\frac{127}{3}.

For the remaining vertex, solve

3x+8y=300,5x+3y=252.3x+8y=300,\qquad 5x+3y=252.

Eliminating xx,

15x+40y=1500,15x+9y=756,\begin{aligned} 15x+40y=&\,1500,\\ 15x+9y=&\,756, \end{aligned}

so 31y=74431y=744, giving y=24y=24 and x=36x=36. Hence the vertices are

(25,2258),(25,1273),(36,24).\boxed{ \left(25,\frac{225}{8}\right),\quad \left(25,\frac{127}{3}\right),\quad (36,24)}.

(d)(ii)

解法一

思路

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按照 (b),在三个顶点分别计算 7x+10y-7x+10y,选取最小值所在的顶点。然后用 z=100xyz=100-x-y 求第三种作物的种植面积,并用作物名称表述最终分配。

答题过程

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Evaluate 7x+10y-7x+10y at each vertex:

Vertex (x,y)(x,y)7x+10y-7x+10y
(25,2258)\left(25,\dfrac{225}{8}\right)4254\dfrac{425}{4}
(25,1273)\left(25,\dfrac{127}{3}\right)7453\dfrac{745}{3}
(36,24)(36,24)12-12

The minimum occurs at (36,24)(36,24). Therefore,

x=36,y=24,x=36,\qquad y=24,

and

z=1003624=40.z=100-36-24=40.

The farmer should plant

36 acres of A,24 acres of B,40 acres of C.\boxed{36\text{ acres of A},\quad 24\text{ acres of B},\quad 40\text{ acres of C}.}

(d)(iii)

解法一

思路

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把 (d)(ii) 得到的三种作物面积代回原利润函数,计算对应的最大预期利润。

答题过程

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The maximum expected profit is

P=160(36)+75(24)+125(40)=5760+1800+5000=£12560.\begin{aligned} P=&\,160(36)+75(24)+125(40)\\ =&\,5760+1800+5000\\ =&\,\boxed{\text{£}12560}. \end{aligned}