题目
| Activity | Immediately preceding activities |
|---|---|
| A | - |
| B | - |
| C | A |
| D | - |
| E | A, B, D |
| F | D |
| G | A, B, D |
| H | F, G |
| I | A |
| J | F, G |
| K | C, E, H, I |
| L | I |
| M | C, E, H, I |
(a) Draw the activity network for the project described in the precedence table, using activity on arc and the minimum number of dummies.
A cascade chart for all the activities of the project, except activity L, is shown on Grid 1.
The time taken to complete each activity is given in hours and each activity requires one worker.
The project is to be completed in the minimum time using as few workers as possible.
(b) State the critical activities of the project.
(c) Use the cascade chart to determine the minimum number of workers needed to complete the project in the shortest possible time. You must make specific reference to time and activities. (You do not need to provide a schedule of the activities.)
The duration of activity L is hours. Given that the total float of activity L is at most 7 hours,
(d) determine the range of possible values for .
题目中文翻译
| 活动 | 紧前活动 |
|---|---|
| A | - |
| B | - |
| C | A |
| D | - |
| E | A、B、D |
| F | D |
| G | A、B、D |
| H | F、G |
| I | A |
| J | F、G |
| K | C、E、H、I |
| L | I |
| M | C、E、H、I |
(a) 根据紧前关系表,使用弧表示活动并采用最少数量的虚活动,画出该项目的活动网络。
Grid 1 显示了该项目除活动 L 以外所有活动的级联图。
完成每项活动所需的时间以小时为单位,每项活动需要一名工人。
项目须用尽可能少的工人在最短时间内完成。
(b) 写出该项目的关键活动。
(c) 使用级联图确定在最短时间内完成项目所需的最少工人数。必须明确说明具体时间和活动。(无须给出活动排程。)
活动 L 的持续时间为 小时。已知活动 L 的总时差至多为 7 小时。
(d) 求 的可能取值范围。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先把没有紧前活动的 A、B、D 从同一开始事件引出,再用虚活动合并 A、B、D,使 E、G 只能在三者全部完成后开始。随后依次落实 H、J 共同依赖 F、G,以及 K、M 共同依赖 C、E、H、I。还需在 I 后加入虚活动,并用一条唯一性虚活动区分 K、M。官方评分资料给出的网络恰好使用四条虚活动。
答题过程
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One valid activity-on-arc network is shown below.
It has one start event, one finish event and exactly four dummies. In particular:
- A, B and D begin at the start event;
- C and I follow A, while F follows D;
- E and G follow A, B and D;
- H and J follow F and G;
- K and M follow C, E, H and I, while L follows I.
(b)
解法一
思路
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在级联图中,没有浮动区间并首尾相接决定项目最短工期的活动组成关键路径。读取最上方连续活动即可确定关键活动。
答题过程
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The critical activities are
(c)
解法一
思路
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寻找一个所有可行排程都无法避开的重叠时段。级联图显示在 内,G、C、E、I 四项活动必须同时进行,因此工人数至少为 4;利用图中的浮动区间可以把其余活动安排在不超过四人同时工作的时段。
答题过程
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For any time such that
activities G, C, E and I must all be taking place. Since each activity requires one worker, at least four workers are required at that time.
The remaining activities can be scheduled within their available floats without using more than four workers. Therefore the minimum number of workers is
(d)
解法一
思路
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项目最短工期为 19 小时,I 最早在第 10 小时完成,因此 L 的总时差为 。利用“总时差至多为 7”得到下界。再作逆推:I 后事件的最迟时间为 13,而沿 L 分支逆推得到 ,所以它不能早于 13,由此得到上界。
答题过程
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The project completion time is 19 hours, and activity I finishes at time 10. Hence the total float of L is
Since the total float is at most 7 hours,
so
From the backward pass, the latest time at the event following I is 13. The L branch gives a latest start time of , so
which gives
Therefore