题目
A gardener wants to plant some rose bushes. She will use three different colours, red, yellow and white.
The gardener decides to use linear programming to determine how many of each colour she will plant.
Let represent the number of red rose bushes, represent the number of yellow rose bushes and represent the number of white rose bushes.
The gardener wants to maximise the total number of rose bushes she will plant.
(a) Write down the objective for this problem.
The gardener has a total of £1400 available to spend. Given that
- red rose bushes cost £12.50 each
- yellow rose bushes cost £10 each
- white rose bushes cost £15 each
(b) show that one constraint is given by
The gardener decides that
- the number of red rose bushes must be at least 40% of the total number of rose bushes
- there must be at least three white rose bushes for every two yellow rose bushes
(c) Use this information to formulate two further constraints, which should be fully simplified with integer coefficients.
The gardener decides to plant exactly 30 white rose bushes. This reduces two of the constraints to
(d) Show that the third constraint can be reduced to
(e) Draw these three constraints using the axes in the answer book and hence determine the number of red rose bushes and the number of yellow rose bushes that the gardener will plant.
题目中文翻译
一位园丁想要种植一些玫瑰丛。她将使用三种不同的颜色:红色、黄色和白色。
园丁决定使用线性规划来确定每种颜色种植多少株。
设 表示红色玫瑰丛的数量, 表示黄色玫瑰丛的数量, 表示白色玫瑰丛的数量。
园丁想要最大化她将种植的玫瑰丛总数。
(a) 写出此问题的目标函数。
园丁共有 £1400 可供花费。已知
- 红色玫瑰丛每株 £12.50
- 黄色玫瑰丛每株 £10
- 白色玫瑰丛每株 £15
(b) 证明其中一个约束条件为
园丁决定
- 红色玫瑰丛的数量必须至少占玫瑰丛总数的 40%
- 每两株黄色玫瑰丛必须至少有三株白色玫瑰丛
(c) 利用此信息列出另外两个约束条件,应完全简化为整数系数。
园丁决定恰好种植 30 株白色玫瑰丛。这将其中两个约束条件简化为
(d) 证明第三个约束条件可简化为
(e) 使用答案本中的坐标轴画出这三个约束条件,由此确定园丁将种植的红色玫瑰丛和黄色玫瑰丛的数量。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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目标是使三种颜色的玫瑰丛总数最大,因此把三种数量相加作为目标函数,并明确写出“最大化”。
答题过程
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The objective is
(b)
解法一
思路
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把三种玫瑰丛的“单价乘数量”相加,总费用不能超过 £1400。再把不等式各项同除以 2.5,便自然得到题目要求的整数系数形式。
答题过程
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The cost constraint is
Dividing throughout by 2.5 gives
as required.
(c)
解法一
思路
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第一条信息表示红色数量 至少是总数 的 40%,先写成比例不等式再清除分母。第二条信息中,每 2 株黄色至少对应 3 株白色,因此白黄数量比至少为 。
答题过程
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For the red rose bushes,
For every two yellow rose bushes, there must be at least three white rose bushes, so
which gives
Therefore, the two further constraints are
(d)
解法一
思路
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承接 (c) 中红色玫瑰丛比例产生的约束 ,代入 后移项,即可得到题目要求的二维约束。
答题过程
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Using the first constraint from part (c) and substituting ,
Hence
as required.
(e)
解法一
思路
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在第一象限画出三条边界 、 和 ,再根据不等号方向确定可行域。由于 固定,最大化 等价于最大化 ;将目标线向右上方平移,最后接触可行域的顶点为预算边界与 的交点。
答题过程
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The three boundary lines can be plotted using
| Boundary | Two convenient points |
|---|---|
| and | |
| and | |
| and |
The feasible region satisfies
with and .
Since is fixed, maximising is equivalent to maximising . The optimal vertex is the intersection of
and
Substituting gives
Therefore, the gardener will plant