Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2025 June D1 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / D1

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 3. The activities are represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to complete the corresponding activity. Each activity requires exactly one worker. The project is to be completed in the shortest possible time.

(a) Complete the precedence table in the answer book to show the immediately preceding activities for the project.

(3)

(b) Complete the diagram in the answer book to show the early event times and the late event times.

(4)

(c) Calculate a lower bound for the minimum number of workers required to complete the project in the minimum time.

(2)

(d) Draw a Gantt (cascade) chart on the grid in the answer book.

(4)

(e) Use the Gantt chart to determine the minimum number of workers required to complete the project in the minimum time. You must make specific reference to the number of workers, activities and times.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一个项目由图 3 所示的活动网络建模。活动由弧表示。每条弧上括号内的数字是完成对应活动所需的时间(单位:天)。每个活动恰好需要一名工人。项目应在最短时间内完成。

(a) 在答案本中完成紧前活动表,显示项目的紧前活动。

(b) 在答案本中完成图表,显示最早事件时间和最晚事件时间。

(c) 计算在最短时间内完成项目所需最少工人数量的下界。

(d) 在答案本中的网格上绘制甘特图(级联图)。

(e) 使用甘特图确定在最短时间内完成项目所需的最少工人数量。必须具体说明工人数量、活动和时间。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

沿活动网络从左向右读取。进入某活动起点的所有实际活动,都是它的紧前活动;虚活动不会写入活动表,但它会把相应的先后约束传递给后续活动。

答题过程

展开

The completed precedence table is

ActivityImmediately preceding activitiesActivityImmediately preceding activities
A-HB, C
B-ID, E
C-JF
DA, BKF
EBLF, G, H
FBMI, J
GBNK, L

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先做正向扫描:每个事件的最早时间等于所有进入该事件的“前一事件最早时间加活动工期”中的最大值。再从项目完成时间 31 反向扫描:每个事件的最晚时间等于所有离开该事件的“后一事件最晚时间减活动工期”中的最小值。虚活动的工期为 0,也必须参与比较。

答题过程

展开

The early and late event times are as follows.

Event positionEarly timeLate time
Initial event00
Before D1212
Before H1416
Before I1818
Before J and K2021
Before L2021
Before M2525
Before N2627
Final event3131

Thus the minimum project completion time is 31 days.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

所有活动总共需要 96 个“工人日”。若项目必须在最短的 31 天内完成,则平均同时工作的工人数为 96/3196/31。实际工人数必须是整数,因此向上取整得到下界。

答题过程

展开

The total activity time is

8+12+14+6+4+8+8+5+7+2+6+6+6+4=96 worker-days.\begin{align*} &\,8+12+14+6+4+8+8\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+5+7+2+6+6+6+4\\ =&\,96\text{ worker-days}. \end{align*}

Hence

9631=3.096\frac{96}{31}=3.096\ldots

Therefore, a lower bound for the number of workers is

4.\boxed{4}.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

以各活动的最早开始时间画实线活动条,再把“最晚开始时间减最早开始时间”作为可移动的浮时标在活动条之后。关键活动 B、D、I、M 的浮时为 0,首尾相接形成 31 天的关键路径。

答题过程

展开

The data used to construct the Gantt chart are

ActivityEarliest startEarliest finishLatest startFloat
A0844
B01200
C01422
D1218120
E1216142
F1220131
G1220131
H1419162
I1825180
J2022233
K2026211
L2026211
M2531250
N2630271

The critical activities are B, D, I and M.

(e)

解法一

思路

展开

下界 4 还不一定能够实现。观察甘特图,在 13<t<1413<t<14 时 D、C、F、G 必须进行;在 16<t<1716<t<17 时 D、F、G、H 必须进行。活动 E 的开始时间只能在 12 至 14 之间,结束时间相应在 16 至 18 之间,所以无论如何移动,都必须与这两个四活动重叠区间之一重叠,从而至少需要 5 名工人;图中的安排也能用 5 人完成,因此最少人数就是 5。

答题过程

展开

For 13<t<1413<t<14, activities C, D, F and G must be in progress. For 16<t<1716<t<17, activities D, F, G and H must be in progress.

Activity E has duration 4 days. Its start time must lie between 12 and 14, so its finish time lies between 16 and 18. Therefore, E must overlap at least one of these two intervals. At that time, five activities are in progress simultaneously, so five workers are necessary.

The Gantt chart shows that the project can be completed in 31 days using five workers. Hence the minimum number of workers required is

5.\boxed{5}.