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IAL 2020 Jan FP1 Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2020 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8. A rectangular hyperbola, HH, has Cartesian equation xy=16xy = 16

The point P(4t,4t)P\left(4t, \dfrac{4}{t}\right), t0t \neq 0, lies on HH.

(a) Use calculus to show that an equation of the normal to HH at PP is

tyt3x=44t4ty - t^3x = 4 - 4t^4

(5)

The point AA on HH has parameter t=2t = 2

The normal to HH at AA meets HH again at the point BB.

(b) Determine the exact value of the length of ABAB.

(6)

The tangent to HH at AA meets the yy-axis at the point CC.

(c) Determine the exact area of triangle ABCABC.

(3)
题目中文翻译
  1. 等轴双曲线 HH 的直角坐标方程为 xy=16xy = 16

P(4t,4t)P\left(4t, \dfrac{4}{t}\right)t0t \neq 0,在 HH 上。

(a) 利用微积分证明 HHPP 处的法线方程为

tyt3x=44t4ty - t^3x = 4 - 4t^4

HH 上的点 AA 的参数为 t=2t = 2

HHAA 处的法线再次与 HH 相交于点 BB

(b) 求 ABAB 的长度的精确值。

HHAA 处的切线与 yy 轴相交于点 CC

(c) 求三角形 ABCABC 的精确面积。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先把双曲线写成 y=16x1y=16x^{-1} 并求导。将点 PP 的横坐标 x=4tx=4t 代入导数,求出切线斜率,再利用法线斜率是其负倒数写出点斜式方程。

答题过程

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Since

y=16x=16x1,y=\frac{16}{x}=16x^{-1}, dydx=16x2=16x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-16x^{-2} =-\frac{16}{x^2}.

At PP, where x=4tx=4t, the gradient of the tangent is

16(4t)2=1t2.-\frac{16}{(4t)^2}=-\frac{1}{t^2}.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is t2t^2. Using the point P(4t,4t)P\left(4t,\dfrac{4}{t}\right), its equation is

y4t=t2(x4t).y-\frac{4}{t}=t^2(x-4t).

Multiplying by tt and rearranging,

ty4=t3x4t4tyt3x=44t4.\begin{align*} ty-4=&\,t^3x-4t^4 \\ ty-t^3x=&\,\boxed{4-4t^4}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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先由 t=2t=2 求出 AA,并将其代入 (a) 的法线方程。把法线与双曲线联立,其中一个交点已知是 AA,另一个就是 BB;得到两点坐标后使用距离公式。

答题过程

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For t=2t=2,

A=(8,2).A=(8,2).

From part (a), the normal at AA is

2y8x=44(24),2y-8x=4-4(2^4),

so

y=4x30.y=4x-30.

At an intersection with HH,

x(4x30)=16,x(4x-30)=16,

and hence

2x215x8=0(x8)(2x+1)=0.\begin{align*} 2x^2-15x-8=&\,0 \\ (x-8)(2x+1)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The root x=8x=8 corresponds to AA, so at BB,

x=12,y=16x=32.x=-\frac{1}{2}, \qquad y=\frac{16}{x}=-32.

Thus B=(12,32)B=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2},-32\right), and

AB=(8+12)2+(2+32)2=(172)2+342=49134=17172.\begin{align*} AB =&\,\sqrt{\left(8+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+(2+32)^2} \\ =&\,\sqrt{\left(\frac{17}{2}\right)^2+34^2} \\ =&\,\sqrt{\frac{4913}{4}} \\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{17\sqrt{17}}{2}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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先求切线在 yy 轴上的截距,从而得到 CC。由于切线与法线在 AA 处垂直,三角形 ABCABC 是以 ABABACAC 为直角边的直角三角形,可直接用两边长度求面积。

答题过程

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The gradient of the tangent at AA is 14-\dfrac{1}{4}, so its equation is

y2=14(x8).y-2=-\frac{1}{4}(x-8).

At the yy-axis, x=0x=0, giving y=4y=4. Therefore,

C=(0,4).C=(0,4).

Also,

AC=(80)2+(24)2=68=217.AC=\sqrt{(8-0)^2+(2-4)^2} =\sqrt{68}=2\sqrt{17}.

Since the tangent and normal at AA are perpendicular,

Area of ABC=12(AB)(AC)=12(17172)(217)=2892.\begin{align*} \text{Area of }\triangle ABC =&\,\frac{1}{2}(AB)(AC) \\ =&\,\frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{17\sqrt{17}}{2}\right) (2\sqrt{17}) \\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{289}{2}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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已知三个顶点坐标后,也可以直接使用坐标面积公式。这个方法不依赖切线与法线垂直的几何观察。

答题过程

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Using

A=(8,2),B=(12,32),C=(0,4),A=(8,2), \qquad B=\left(-\frac{1}{2},-32\right), \qquad C=(0,4),

the coordinate area formula gives

Area of ABC=128(324)+(12)(42)+0(2+32)=12289=2892.\begin{align*} \text{Area of }\triangle ABC =&\,\frac{1}{2} \left| 8(-32-4) +\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)(4-2) +0(2+32) \right| \\ =&\,\frac{1}{2}|-289| \\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{289}{2}}. \end{align*}