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IAL 2020 May FP1 Q1

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2020 May Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

  1. f(x)=x310x4xx2f(x) = x^3 - \dfrac{10\sqrt{x} - 4x}{x^2}, x>0x > 0

(a) Show that the equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0 has a root α\alpha in the interval [1.4,1.5][1.4, 1.5]

(2)

(b) Determine f(x)f'(x).

(3)

(c) Using x0=1.4x_0 = 1.4 as a first approximation to α\alpha, apply the Newton-Raphson procedure once to f(x)f(x) to calculate a second approximation to α\alpha, giving your answer to 3 decimal places.

(2)
题目中文翻译
  1. f(x)=x310x4xx2f(x) = x^3 - \dfrac{10\sqrt{x} - 4x}{x^2}x>0x > 0

(a) 证明方程 f(x)=0f(x) = 0 在区间 [1.4,1.5][1.4, 1.5] 内有一个根 α\alpha

(b) 求 f(x)f'(x)

(c) 取 x0=1.4x_0 = 1.4 作为 α\alpha 的第一个近似值,对 f(x)f(x) 应用一次 Newton-Raphson 法,计算 α\alpha 的第二个近似值,答案保留 3 位小数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

分别计算区间两个端点的函数值。函数在 x>0x>0 上连续,并且两个函数值异号,因此由介值定理可知区间内存在一个根。

答题过程

展开 f(1.4)=0.435673<0f(1.4)=-0.435673\ldots<0

and

f(1.5)=0.598356>0.f(1.5)=0.598356\ldots>0.

Since ff is continuous for x>0x>0 and there is a change of sign, the equation f(x)=0f(x)=0 has a root α\alpha in the interval [1.4,1.5][1.4,1.5].

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先把原函数化成幂函数之和,再逐项求导。注意原式的减号作用于整个分式。

答题过程

展开

First,

f(x)=x310x4xx2=x310x3/2+4x1.\begin{align*} f(x) =&\,x^3-\frac{10\sqrt{x}-4x}{x^2} \\ =&\,x^3-10x^{-3/2}+4x^{-1}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

f(x)=3x2+15x5/24x2.\boxed{ f'(x)=3x^2+15x^{-5/2}-4x^{-2} }.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

使用 Newton–Raphson 公式 xn+1=xnf(xn)f(xn)x_{n+1}=x_n-\frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)},将 x0=1.4x_0=1.4 及对应的函数值、导函数值代入一次。

答题过程

展开

Using

xn+1=xnf(xn)f(xn),x_{n+1}=x_n-\frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)},

with x0=1.4x_0=1.4, we have

f(1.4)=0.435673f(1.4)=-0.435673\ldots

and

f(1.4)=10.3072.f'(1.4)=10.3072\ldots.

Hence

x1=1.40.43567310.3072=1.44227=1.442(3 d.p.).\begin{align*} x_1 =&\,1.4-\frac{-0.435673\ldots}{10.3072\ldots} \\ =&\,1.44227\ldots \\ =&\,\boxed{1.442}\quad\text{(3 d.p.)}. \end{align*}