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IAL 2020 May FP1 Q5

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2020 May Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5. The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=64xy = 64

The point P(8p,8p)P\left(8p, \dfrac{8}{p}\right), where p0p \neq 0, lies on HH.

(a) Use calculus to show that the normal to HH at PP has equation

p3xpy=8(p41)p^3x - py = 8(p^4 - 1)

(5)

The normal to HH at PP meets HH again at the point QQ.

(b) Determine, in terms of pp, the coordinates of QQ, giving your answers in simplest form.

(4)
题目中文翻译
  1. 等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=64xy = 64

P(8p,8p)P\left(8p, \dfrac{8}{p}\right),其中 p0p \neq 0,在 HH 上。

(a) 利用微积分证明 HHPP 处的法线方程为

p3xpy=8(p41)p^3x - py = 8(p^4 - 1)

HHPP 处的法线再次与 HH 相交于点 QQ

(b) 用 pp 表示 QQ 的坐标,答案化为最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把双曲线写成 y=64x1y=64x^{-1} 后求导,得到切线斜率。代入点 PP 的横坐标,再利用法线斜率是切线斜率的负倒数,最后用点斜式推导题目指定的方程。

答题过程

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From xy=64xy=64,

y=64x1.y=64x^{-1}.

Differentiating with respect to xx gives

dydx=64x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-64x^{-2}.

At P(8p,8p)P\left(8p,\frac{8}{p}\right), the gradient of the tangent is

64(8p)2=1p2.-64(8p)^{-2}=-\frac{1}{p^2}.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is p2p^2. Its equation is

y8p=p2(x8p).y-\frac{8}{p}=p^2(x-8p).

Multiplying by pp and rearranging,

py8=p3x8p4,p3xpy=8(p41).\begin{align*} py-8 =&\,p^3x-8p^4, \\ p^3x-py =&\,8(p^4-1). \end{align*}

Hence the normal has equation

p3xpy=8(p41).\boxed{p^3x-py=8(p^4-1)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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联立法线与双曲线,用 y=64xy=\frac{64}{x} 消去 yy,得到关于 xx 的二次方程。已知其中一个根对应点 PP,因式分解后取另一个根,再由 xy=64xy=64 求出 QQ 的纵坐标。

答题过程

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Since QQ lies on HH,

y=64x.y=\frac{64}{x}.

Substituting this into the equation of the normal gives

p3xp(64x)=8(p41).p^3x-p\left(\frac{64}{x}\right)=8(p^4-1).

Multiplying by xx and rearranging,

p3x2+8(1p4)x64p=0.p^3x^2+8(1-p^4)x-64p=0.

This factorises as

(x8p)(p3x+8)=0.(x-8p)(p^3x+8)=0.

The root x=8px=8p corresponds to PP, so at the second point of intersection,

x=8p3.x=-\frac{8}{p^3}.

Hence

y=64x=8p3.y=\frac{64}{x}=-8p^3.

Therefore,

Q=(8p3,8p3).\boxed{Q=\left(-\frac{8}{p^3},-8p^3\right)}.

解法二

思路

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把双曲线上任意点参数化为 (8q,8q)\left(8q,\frac{8}{q}\right)。将它代入法线方程,得到关于 qq 的二次方程;其中 q=pq=p 对应已知点 PP,另一个根就给出点 QQ

答题过程

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Write a point on HH as

(8q,8q),q0.\left(8q,\frac{8}{q}\right), \qquad q\ne0.

Substituting this into the normal equation gives

8p3q8pq=8(p41).8p^3q-\frac{8p}{q}=8(p^4-1).

Multiplying by qq and rearranging,

p3q2(p41)qp=0.p^3q^2-(p^4-1)q-p=0.

Equivalently,

(pq)(p3q+1)=0.(p-q)(p^3q+1)=0.

The solution q=pq=p corresponds to PP. For the second point of intersection,

q=1p3.q=-\frac{1}{p^3}.

Therefore,

Q=(8p3,8p3).\boxed{Q=\left(-\frac{8}{p^3},-8p^3\right)}.