(a) Describe fully the single transformation represented by the matrix A.
(2)
The matrix B represents a rotation of 45° clockwise about the origin.
(b) Write down the matrix B, giving each element of the matrix in exact form.
(1)
The transformation represented by matrix A followed by the transformation represented by matrix B is represented by the matrix C.
(c) Determine C.
(2)
(ii) The trapezium T has vertices at the points (−2,0), (−2,k), (5,8) and (5,0), where k is a positive constant. Trapezium T is transformed onto the trapezium T′ by the matrix
(5−213)
Given that the area of trapezium T′ is 510 square units, calculate the exact value of k.
(5)
题目中文翻译
(i) A=(1003)
(a) 完全描述矩阵 A 所表示的单个变换。
矩阵 B 表示绕原点顺时针旋转 45°。
(b) 写出矩阵 B,矩阵的每个元素用精确形式表示。
先进行矩阵 A 表示的变换,再进行矩阵 B 表示的变换,所得复合变换由矩阵 C 表示。
(c) 求 C。
(ii) 梯形 T 的顶点为 (−2,0)、(−2,k)、(5,8) 和 (5,0),其中 k 是正常数。梯形 T 在矩阵
(5−213)
表示的变换下变成梯形 T′。
已知梯形 T′ 的面积为 510 平方单位,求 k 的精确值。
解答
(i)(a)
解法一
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矩阵 A 保持 x 坐标不变,并把 y 坐标乘以 3,因此它表示平行于 y 轴的拉伸。
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The matrix A represents a stretch parallel to the y-axis with scale factor 3.
(i)(b)
解法一
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顺时针旋转 45° 等价于逆时针旋转 −45°,将该角代入标准旋转矩阵。
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The matrix representing a clockwise rotation through 45° about the origin is
B=22−222222.
(i)(c)
解法一
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变换顺序是先 A 后 B,所以复合矩阵是 BA,不能写成 AB。
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Since the transformation represented by A is followed by the transformation represented by B,
C=BA.
Right-multiplication by A leaves the first column of B unchanged and multiplies its second column by 3. Hence
C=22−22232232.
(ii)
解法一
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先用梯形面积公式求 T 的面积。矩阵变换的面积比例因子是行列式的绝对值,因此用 T 的面积乘以该比例因子,并令结果等于 510。
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The parallel sides of T have lengths k and 8, and the perpendicular distance between them is
5−(−2)=7.
Therefore,
Area of T=21(k+8)(7).
The determinant of the transformation matrix is
5−213==5(3)−1(−2)17.
Hence the area scale factor is 17. Since the area of T′ is 510,
17[21(k+8)(7)]=510.
Thus
k+8=760,
so
k=74.
解法二
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把梯形 T 的四个顶点分别乘以变换矩阵,得到 T′ 的四个顶点。保持原顶点的环绕顺序,使用鞋带公式表示 T′ 的面积,再令其等于 510。
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Let the transformed vertices, in the given order, be V1, V2, V3 and V4. Then